Vitamin and calcium supplement use is associated with decreased adenoma recurrence in patients with a previous history of neoplasia

Vitamin D and Prevention of Colorectal Adenoma: A Meta-analysis

“…Included studies comprised seven cohort studies (16,22,(25)(26)(27)(28)30) and five case-control studies (13,15,23,24,29). Results were similar for hospital-and population-based case-control studies.…”

“…A statistically significant inverse association of high vitamin D intake versus low intake was reported in two studies (16,22) and an additional six studies found inverse associations that were of marginal significance or nonsignificance (13,15,(23)(24)(25)(26). Four studies reported no association or possibly a slightly but nonsignificantly increased risk of colorectal adenoma with increased vitamin D intake (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas

“…Although not statistically significant, the modest overall reduction in prevalence with increasing dietary calcium intake was comparable to previous studies that found an association. 9,[27][28][29] The strongest evidence of effect modification was for lower fat intake and use of NSAIDs.…”

Randomized Clinical Trial

“…23 Overall, epidemiological data from cohort and case-control studies have tended to find folate intake to be inversely associated with risks of colorectal cancer 4 and adenomas. 4,[27][28][29][30][31][32] Analyses of red blood cell or serum folate levels also largely suggest a protective effect of folate on the risk of colorectal cancer or adenomas, 31,[33][34][35] although data have not been entirely consistent. 36,37 One hypothesis to explain the purported chemopreventive properties of folate pertains to DNA methylation, which can have strong effects on gene expression 38 and implications for the susceptibility of DNA to damage.…”