Vitamin B-6 Content of Breast Milk and Neonatal Behavioral Functioning

Boylan, L. Mallory; Hart, Sybil; Porter, Kathy B.; Driskell, Judy A.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90317-2

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main forms (PL and PLP) and the total content (about 1 mmol/L) of vitamin B6 in the Japanese women's mature milk was quite similar to those in the American women's mature milk so far reported (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)19). The American women's milk samples were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC (1,7,19), ion-exchange HPLC (4,5) or a microbiological method (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The American women's milk samples were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC (1,7,19), ion-exchange HPLC (4,5) or a microbiological method (6). Here, PNP, which had not been found in American mothers' mature milk samples, was found in 45% of Japanese women's milk samples, although the contents were low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies showed that the mature milk samples contained approximately 1 mmol/L of total vitamin B6, in which PL was the major (65.9-82.8% of the total content) form in the milk. PLP was the second (12.5-31%) in the mature milk although it was not found in the transitional milk (7). The contents of the other forms were very low: PM (0-5.2% and 11.1% in the mature and transitional milk, respectively), PMP (0-1.9% and 0%), and PN (0-4.4% and 11.8%).…”

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confidence: 88%

“…The total content of vitamin B6 and the distribution of the vitamin B6 forms in the milk of American women have been investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in several laboratories (1,(4)(5)(6)(7). The studies showed that the mature milk samples contained approximately 1 mmol/L of total vitamin B6, in which PL was the major (65.9-82.8% of the total content) form in the milk.…”

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Contents of All Forms of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine-^|^beta;-Glucoside and 4-Pyridoxic Acid in Mature Milk of Japanese Women According to 4-Pyridoxolactone-Conversion High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Yagi¹,

Iwamoto²,

Mizuseki³

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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9Foods contain the family of vitamin B 6 compounds which consists of six forms, i.e., pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) (Fig. 1). PLP is a coenzyme for many enzymes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and plays a key role in the nutritional function of vitamin B 6. The other forms show the same nutritional efficiency because they are converted into PLP in cells. Plants contain a storage form of vitamin B6, pyridoxine-b-glucoside (PNG) (1), which is not counted as a vitamin B6 form although its utilization is 58% relative to PN (2). 4-Pyridoxic acid (4-PA), which exhibits no vitamin B6 activity (3), was found in some foods, such as milk.The composition of vitamin B6 and the related compounds in human milk has been extensively studied, because breast milk is the sole source of nutrients for almost all infants up to 4-6 mo. The total content of vitamin B6 and the distribution of the vitamin B6 forms in the milk of American women have been investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in several laboratories (1,(4)(5)(6)(7). The studies showed that the mature milk samples contained approximately 1 mmol/L of total vitamin B6, in which PL was the major (65.9-82.8% of the total content) form in the milk. PLP was the second (12.5-31%) in the mature milk although it was not found in the transitional milk (7). The contents of the other forms were very low: PM (0-5.2% and 11.1% in the mature and transitional milk, respectively), PMP (0-1.9% and 0%), and PN (0-4.4% and 11.8%). So far, PNP has not been found. 4-PA content was approximately 0.2 (mmol/L) (8).In contrast to the detailed studies on the milk of American women, only one study has reported on the total content of vitamin B6 and the distribution of vitamin B6 forms in milk of Japanese women. Average total content of vitamin B6 in 25 mature milk samples determined by HPLC was approximately 1.45 (mmol/L) (9). The contents of PLP and PL were 1.15 and 0.30 (mmol/L), respectively; the relative content of PLP and PL was the reverse of that found in the American wom- Summary The contents of six vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxine-b-glucoside, and 4-pyridoxic acid in mature milk of 20 Japanese lactating women consuming ordinary Japanese foods were determined by a 4-pyridoxolactone-conversion HPLC method. These compounds were determined with the average recovery rate of 83.9% or more. The average total content of vitamin B6 forms was 1.0160.32 (mmol/L). Pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate were found in all of the samples, and their average contents were 0.7160.28 (mmol/L) and 0.1660.07 (mmol/L), respectively. Pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate, pyridoxine 5′-phosphate, and pyridoxine-b-glucoside were found in 15, 14, 13, 9, and 7 samples, respectively. The presence of pyridoxine 5′-phosphate was for the first time found in human milk. A method for the determination of 4-pyridoxic acid, which is the excretion form of vit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contents of All Forms of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine-^|^beta;-Glucoside and 4-Pyridoxic Acid in Mature Milk of Japanese Women According to 4-Pyridoxolactone-Conversion High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Yagi¹,

Iwamoto²,

Mizuseki³

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Their deficiency can affect pregnancy outcome [5,8], as well as dermal [9,10], blood [8], nervous [11], and digestive system [5,6], even mortality of infant [8,9]. Numerous researches [5,6,8,[11][12][13][14][15] showed that the contents of B-vitamins in human milk were significantly affected by maternal status and dietary intake. Moreover, maternal deficiency can rapidly result in very low concentrations of B-vitamins in human milk [5], which has been shown to improve with dietary supplements [8,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

et al. 2017

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Background: Adequate B-vitamins concentrations in human milk are considered to be a prerequisite for healthy development of infants in early life. This study aims to determine the concentrations of B-vitamins in human milk from Chinese women and the relationships between their concentrations and different geographical origin, lactation stages, socioeconomic characteristics, and dietary intake. Methods: Human milk was obtained from 443 healthy lactating women from Beijing (n = 150), Suzhou (n = 146), and Guangzhou (n = 147) cities. Thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B 3 (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid), and vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine) in human milk were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pantothenic acid, biotin, and folates in human milk were analyzed by microbiological assay. The information from one 24-h dietary recall and socioeconomic characteristics were collected by interview and structured questionnaire, respectively. 34, 7.58, 8.60, 9.34, 10.20 (μg/100 g); biotin 0.462, 0.834, 0.606, 0.523, 0.464 (μg/100 g); folates 0.730, 2.390, 2.440, 2.420, 2.330 (μg/100 g). The levels of B-vitamins presented regional differences and varied significantly among different lactation stages. The inversely associations of thiamine, vitamin B 6 , and folates with maternal BMI were found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05), as well as higher pantothenic acid, folates, and biotin concentrations in lactating women with supplement intake when compared with those without (p < 0.05). Riboflavin concentrations associated with regular exercise was found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05).

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Infant Nutrition

Black¹,

Hurley²

2010

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Infant Development

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Vitamin B-6 Content of Breast Milk and Neonatal Behavioral Functioning

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Contents of All Forms of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine-^|^beta;-Glucoside and 4-Pyridoxic Acid in Mature Milk of Japanese Women According to 4-Pyridoxolactone-Conversion High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Contents of All Forms of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine-^|^beta;-Glucoside and 4-Pyridoxic Acid in Mature Milk of Japanese Women According to 4-Pyridoxolactone-Conversion High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

Infant Nutrition

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