Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Hypovitaminosis in Mental Diseases

Edwin, E.; Holten, Keith B.; Norum, Kaare R.; Schrumpf, A; Skaug, O. E.

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1965.tb01879.x

Cited by 74 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Kaare Norum: Just a small historical note: about 50 years ago, as a young doctor in a psychiatric hospital, I noticed that lots of the elderly patients coming in for acute psychiatric disorders were vitamin B 12 deficient, and when we treated these patients with vitamin B 12 , they improved remarkably; this was my first clinical paper! 69 …”

Section: Folate and Neural Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

James

2010

Nutrition Reviews

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First, let us consider receptor biology. Ole Petter emphasized that not only should we think about the marked capacity for adaptation in different regions of the brain in response to stimuli but also the question of the extraordinary receptor turnover with receptor recycling and receptor transfer to other parts of the cell and even transmission across synapses into adjacent cells with synaptic renewal. This then raises the issue of the control of receptor shuttling and the physical and physiological responses involved in learning. Christian Drevon: The LDL [low-density lipoprotein] receptor on average has a half-life in the membrane of about 6 minutes and then moves in from the coated pit and ends up in the endosome. It is then recycled back to the membrane 12-15 times before it is degraded, so the issue is whether there are comparable data on the glutamate receptor in synapses and whether this same phenomenon is seen in the CNS [central nervous system]. Ole Petter Ottersen: I confess the field has not progressed to the same level of understanding as for LDL receptors. The very new data I presented suggest that there is an endocytotic zone that is very close to the post-synaptic density. In fact, now we know that the Homer family of molecular scaffolds provides spatial organization to regulate post-synaptic signaling cascades in a very organized manner, very close to where the receptors are inserted. These scaffolding proteins are the basic molecular players that are responsible for endocytosis, and the idea now is that this endocytotic process sets the level or the number of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptors that are expressed in the plasma membrane. What sets the gain in the system is not known -we do not know exactly the factors controlling this endocytotic process and the receptor density in the plasma membrane. However, we do know that the number of AMPA receptors, crucial for glutamate function in the membrane, is controlled by long-term potentiation (LTP) and longterm depression (LTD). These are known physiological processes that control the level of AMPA receptors in the post-synaptic density. While cortical stimulation alone results in LTD, the combination with dopamine switches LTD to LTP, which is known as dopaminedependent plasticity. Ricardo Uauy: I think we have also to consider the lipid components, which are modulated by diet and modify receptor activity and turnover. The LDL receptors have been well studied at the level of both gene expression and receptor activity, as have the functional implications in terms of cholesterol synthesis and the SNARE [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor] system and HMG-CoA [3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl-CoA] reductase activity. In the case of the nervous system, we also know that the reuptake of neurotransmitters, which is receptor mediated with SNARE proteins, is also modulated by diet. So, the lipids are not just sitting there; there are lipid-protein interactions that define both turnover a...

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Section: Folate and Neural Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

James

2010

Nutrition Reviews

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“…Vitamin B12 and Folate -The use of these Vitamins in treatment of ASDs is based on research showing that in some "psychiatric" (depressive and psychotic symptoms as well as epileptic individuals) patients there was a reduced level of serum Folate and B 12 (Edwin et al,1965;Pauling, 1974;Carney, 1967). Studies showed some improvement with folate supplementation but not with B12 supplementation (Carney and Sheffield, 1970;.…”

Section: Teacch (Treatment and Education Of Autistic And Related Commmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Effectiveness of Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorders In Children and Adolescents

2008

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…MMA usually presents clinically with nonspecific symptoms such as seizure, poor feeding, loss of consciousness, psychomotor retardation. As a consequence, patients often undergo extensive work-up before the correct diagnosis is made [ 3 , 4 ] .…”

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“…Edwin and his colleague have suggested that a low serum concentration of vitamin B 12 may cause mental illness [ 4 ] . It is known that defects in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or its coenzyme, cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) will lead to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid and a clinical picture of MMA [ 2 ] .…”

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confidence: 99%

EPA-0057 - Affective disorder as the first manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia: a case report

Sheikhmoonesi

Shafaat

Moarefian

et al. 2014

European Psychiatry

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Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common organic acidemia in Asian cases. We report a 14-year-old boy who was admitted to psychiatric clinic with affective symptoms. MMA was diagnosed after extensive laboratory tests. This emphasizes that even a typical psychiatric disorder can actually represent part of the spectrum of an underlying systemic disorder. MMA is an autosomal-recessive inborn error of metabolism. The incidence might be as high as 1 in 25,000. It is believed that this disease is more prevalent in the Middle East because of consanguineous marriages. MMA usually presents clinically with nonspecific symptoms such as seizure, poor feeding, loss of consciousness, psychomotor retardation. As a consequence, patients often undergo extensive work-up before the correct diagnosis is made. MMA is usually diagnosed in the first year of life. however, this report deals with a patient whose disease could not be diagnosed until the age fourteen.The most common phenotype features appear during infancy. Rare patients may present as adolescents or adults with CNS disease. Our patient had episodes of confusion and mood lability which could be related to metabolic decompensation episodes. When a patient has been labeled as having a psychiatric illness, other general medical conditions (especially rare diseases) might be ignored. This emphasizes that even a typical psychiatric disorder can actually represent part of the spectrum of an underlying systemic disorder.

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Vitamin B₁₂ Hypovitaminosis in Mental Diseases

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

Evidence for Effectiveness of Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorders In Children and Adolescents

EPA-0057 - Affective disorder as the first manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia: a case report

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Vitamin B12 Hypovitaminosis in Mental Diseases

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

23rd Marabou Symposium: Nutrition and the Aging Brain

Evidence for Effectiveness of Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorders In Children and Adolescents

EPA-0057 - Affective disorder as the first manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia: a case report

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Vitamin B₁₂ Hypovitaminosis in Mental Diseases