Vitamin B12 in the Nutrition of the Laying Hen

Berg, Lawrence R.; Bearse, Gordon E.; McGinnis, James; McClary, C. F.

doi:10.3382/ps.0310488

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Egg production rate has not been reported (Sunde era/., 1952;Heuser, 1941;and Berg et al, 1952) to be improved by vitamin B 12 supplementation of the hen diet and results of the trial reported here did not show a significant response in egg production to vitamin B , 2 supplementation, even when the protein level was increased to 32%. This increase in protein clearly increased the need for vitamin B ]2 for hatchability even though it did not influence egg production rate.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

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The Effect of Levels of Protein and Vitamin B12 in Hen Diets on Egg Production and Hatchability of Eggs and on Livability and Growth of Chicks

Patel

McGinnis

1977

Poultry Science

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The effects of feeding different levels of protein and vitamin B ]2 on egg production and hatchability of eggs of Single Comb White Leghorn hens were studied. Diets containing 16 and 32% corn-soybean meal protein with and without 10 |xg. of vitamin B 12 per kg. of diet were employed. Egg production and fertility of eggs were not significantly affected by protein level or vitamin B T2 supplement. However, increasing protein level in the hen diets resulted in a significant decrease in hatchability. Vitamin B, 2 supplementation of both diets significantly improved hatchability of eggs. However, the supplementary vitamin B , 2 was not adequate to support desirable hatchability when the diet contained 32% protein.The high level of protein, and the addition of vitamin B l2 to the 16% protein diet significantly increased egg weight.Chicks hatched from eggs produced by hens fed the different experimental diets were used to study the effect of breeder diets on chick growth and livability. A deficiency of vitamin B , 2 in the breeder had a detrimental effect on chick growth and livability. Increasing the protein level of the chick diet from 22 to 32% resulted in a further decrease in growth when the chicks were derived from vitamin B, 2 deficient hens. A high level of protein in the breeder diet also depressed chick growth. This growth depression was not counteracted by a dietary supplement of 500 p.g. of vitamin B, 2 /kg., by an oral dose of 50 |xg. of vitamin B 12 /chick at hatching, or by an injection of 1 or 10 jj,g. of vitamin B, 2 / bird at hatching. Vitamin B 12 supplied through the hen diet was more effective than supplementation of chick diet in stimulating early chick growth. Mortality was higher in chicks hatched from hens fed the 16% protein diet than in those from hens fed 32% protein. This was the reverse of embryo mortality during incubation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…An indication that vitamin B 12 is required for egg production and egg weight was presented by Holmes and Kramer (1965), Griffith and Schexnailder (1972) and Savage et al (1952). Berg et al (1952) found that increasing the protein content of the diet from 11 to 1. Scientific Paper No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effect of Levels of Protein and Vitamin B12 in Hen Diets on Egg Production and Hatchability of Eggs and on Livability and Growth of Chicks

Patel

McGinnis

1977

Poultry Science

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“…The hens used in this experiment were much older than those used in the previous experiment. Berg et al (1952), in an experiment conducted on litter floor, failed to obtain an effect of protein level on egg weight when the hens were fed 11, 13 and 15% protein diets. Vitamin B 12 added at a level of 50 (jLg./kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of Protein and Fat in the Diets on Hatchability of Eggs and Chick Growth

Patel

McGinnis

1977

Poultry Science

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An experiment was conducted using Single Comb White Leghorn (S.C.W.L.) hens to study the effect of fat and vitamin B 12 (50 jjig./kg.) additions to a 32% protein diet; on production parameters, hatchability and chick growth. Levels of protein, fat and vitamin B , 2 had no significant effect on egg production, however, vitamin B , 2 supplementation of the 32% protein diet gave a considerable improvement in egg weight. Feed consumption was highest on the 32% protein diet. Adding 8.5% fat to the 16 and 32% protein diets significantly reduced feed intake. The 32% protein diet supported the poorest hatchability. Animal fat (8.5%) or vitamin B 12 (50 |xg./kg.) added to the 32% protein diet supported satisfactory hatchability. On the contrary, addition of 8.5% fat to the 16% protein diet significantly reduced hatchability of eggs. A high level of protein in either the breeder diet or chick diet depressed chick growth, and the combination of both caused a further growth depression. Added fat in the breeder diets had a slight growth depressing effect on chicks. When the chicks were fed a 30% protein diet with 8% added fat, the chicks hatched from hens fed the breeder diets with added fat grew significantly poorer than those hatched from hens fed a similar diet without added fat. Chicks that were hatched with a vitamin B 12 carryover were not affected by dietary fat additions. Mortality of chicks hatched from hens fed the diets with added fat was high and adding fat to the chick diet reduced mortality.Vitamin B , 2 content of egg yolks was increased by adding fat to the 32% protein hen diet. Hatchability of eggs from these hens was higher than for eggs from hens fed a similar diet without added fat. The vitamin B 12 content of livers of day-old chicks was correlated with increased growth of chicks fed vitamin B 12 deficient diets.

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“…Inasmall trial using semi-synthetic rations penicillin was found to increase the growth rate to 20 weeks of age and to raise egg production to 50 % compared with 38 % in the control group (Elam, Gee & Couch, 1951). However, in a large trial using practical rations, the addition of terramycin during either the growing or laying period, or both, was without effect on egg production (Berg, Carver, Bearse & McGinnis, 1952). The addition of aureomycin to the growing ration has also been found to be without effect on the age at sexual maturity and mature body weight as well as on the level of egg production (Sizemore, Lillie & Bird, 1952).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Economies in the use of animal by-products in poultry rations: II. Vitamin and amino-acid provision for laying hens

Carpenter¹,

Duckworth²,

Ellinger³

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Birds fed on rations devoid of animal byproducts from hatching until 18 months of age were equal in laying performance and health to those that had received animal supplements.2. The stimulation of early growth by feeding aureomycin did not affect the final weight of pullets, their egg production or the incidence of broodiness.3. The ‘animal protein factor(s)’ was of limited importance for egg production. There was a suggestive indication of an effect of a deficiency of the factor(s) when birds on an all-plant ration had been laying for 6 months without access to their droppings. Limited access to ‘unfermented’ droppings, which provided the only dietary source of the factor(s) during both rearing and laying periods, was sufficient to meet the need of the birds for sustained egg production.

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Vitamin B12 in the Nutrition of the Laying Hen

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

The Effect of Levels of Protein and Vitamin B12 in Hen Diets on Egg Production and Hatchability of Eggs and on Livability and Growth of Chicks

The Effect of Levels of Protein and Vitamin B12 in Hen Diets on Egg Production and Hatchability of Eggs and on Livability and Growth of Chicks

Effects of Protein and Fat in the Diets on Hatchability of Eggs and Chick Growth

Economies in the use of animal by-products in poultry rations: II. Vitamin and amino-acid provision for laying hens

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