Vitamin C and E supplementation prevents mitochondrial damage of ileum myocytes caused by intense and exhaustive exercise training

Abstract

Intense and exhaustive exercise (IEE) is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, and we recently reported that intestine is sensitive to IEE. In the present study, we investigated the possible relationship between the effects of IEE on morphology and oxidative markers in the ileum and isolated mitochondria. C57BL/6 mice were ascribed either to a control group comprising two subgroups, one sedentary and another exercised for 10 days (E10), or to a corresponding supplemented control group again comprising two subgroups, one sedentary and another exercised for 10 days (E10-V). The IEE program consisted of a single daily treadmill running session at 85% of V(max), until animal exhaustion. Vitamins C (10 mg/kg) and E (10 mg/kg) were concurrently intraperitoneally administered 2 h before the exercise sessions. IEE was shown to cause 1) impairment of ileum internal membrane mitochondria verified by ultramicrography analysis; 2) increase in ileum carbonyl content (117%) and reduction in antioxidant capacity (36%); 3) increase in mitochondria carbonyl content (38%), increase in the percentage of ruptured mitochondria (25.3%), increase in superoxide dismutase activity (186%), and reduction in citrate synthase activity (40.4%) compared with control animals. Observations in the vitamin-supplemented exercised animals (E10-V) were 1) healthy appearance of myocyte mitochondria; 2) decrease in ileum carbonyl content (66%) and increase in antioxidant capacity (53%); 3) decrease in mitochondria carbonyl content (43%), decrease in the percentage of ruptured mitochondria (30%), slight increase in superoxide dismutase activity (7%), and significant increase in citrate synthase activity (121%) compared with E10 animals. Therefore, the present results strongly corroborate the hypothesis that IEE leads to marked disturbances in intestinal mitochondria, mainly in redox status, and affects whole intestinal redox status.

Hormetic Property of Ginseng Steroids on Anti-Oxidant Status against Exercise Challenge in Rat Skeletal Muscle

“…CS activity of skeletal muscle can be increased by exercise training [32]. However, exhaustive exercise results in an immediate decrease of CS activity in skeletal muscle [33]. The decreased CS activity might be associated with oxidation of free thiols of the enzyme during exercise [3], suggested by an increased oxidative stress markers of exercised muscle in the present study.…”

Dietary Antioxidants as Modifiers of Physiologic Adaptations to Exercise

“…Table 1 contains preclinical studies of the effect of ET combined with AO supplementation, i.e., vitamins C and E and a-lipoic acid (1, 16, 23, 31, 37, 64). These results show either no additional(23, 31, 32, 54, 64)or a blunting effect(16, 37) on the main AO enzyme activities. It is suggested that the effect of ET combined with AOs may depend on the dosage, combination, and duration of AO supplementation, and the type of ET(1).…”

Metabolic effects of a caffeinated sports drink consumed during a soccer match

“…The CCD drink (7% of carbohydrates, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, chromium, selenium and vitamin C) was acquired from the domestic market, and the CSD drink (7% of carbohydrates, sodium, calcium, potassium, selenium, chloride, phosphorus, vitamins C and E and 250 mg.L -1 of caffeine anhydride) was elaborated based on possible beneficial effects on sports performance associated with intake of antioxidant compounds (Naziroglu, Kilinc, Uguz, Celik, Bal, et al, 2010;Bobeuf, Labonte, Khalil, & Dionne, 2010;Rosa, Ribeiro, Pereira, Freymuller, et al, 2009) and caffeine (Giesbrecht, Rycroft, Rowson, & De Bruin, 2010).…”