Vitamin Content of Ingredients of Microbiological Culture Media

Stokes, J. L.; Gunness, Marion; Foster, J. W.

doi:10.1128/jb.47.3.293-299.1944

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The amounts of thiamin and nicotinic acid, per ml of medium, necessary for maximum growth are 0.003 ,ug of thiamin for S. abortusovis (K), 0.08 jig of nicotinic acid for S. abortusovis (E), 0.003 ,ug of thiamin and 0.1 ,ug of nicotinic acid for S. typhisuis (K), and 0.008 ,ug of thiamin for S. typhisuis (E) and also 0.03 ,ug of nicotinic acid for rapid growth. These quantities are similar to those required by other thiamin and nicotinic acid dependent bacteria (Stokes et al, 1944).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…This aspect is important in the isolation of such strains from natural habitats. Some of the customary bacteriological media may not contain adequate amounts of thiamin and other vitamins (Stokes et al, 1944). Also, cystine, which is an essential requirement for most growth-factor-dependent strains, may be easily destroyed or made unavailable during the preparation of culture media (Lankford et al, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth-Factor-Dependent Strains of Salmonellae

Stokes

Bayne

1958

J Bacteriol

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-Factor-Dependent Strains of Salmonellae

Stokes

Bayne

1958

J Bacteriol

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“…The greater activity of the bacteria from the latter medium is probably due to their previous contact with the StR factor, which, as will be shown later, stimulates folic acid formation. Growth in the complex organic media was supported by the folic acid contained in them (Stokes, Gunness, and Foster, 1944).…”

Section: Conditions Affecting Activity Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of theStreptococcus lactisR Factor to “Folic Acid” by Resting Cell Suspensions of Enterococci

Stokes

Larsen

1945

J Bacteriol

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, the presence of this growth factor has been demonstrated in numerous organisms which develop without added folic acid (Hutchings et al., 1941; Thompson, 1942). It appears likely, therefore, that folic acid plays a vital, although as yet unknown, role in the metabolism of all microorganisms. The complex problems of nomenclature, chemistry, and activity for microorganisms and animals of this relatively new growth factor and vitamin and its related forms have been comprehensively reviewed recently by Wieder (1944). For the purposes of the present paper it is sufficient to note that several folic acids, or more correctly Lactobacillus casei factors, have been isolated which vary greatly in activity for Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus lactis R,1 the two organisms most commonly used in measuring their microbiological activity. Thus the L. casei factor from liver, which is identical, apparently, with the chick antianemia factor, vitamin B¢ (Pfiffner et al., 1943), is highly potent for both bacteria, whereas another factor isolated from yeast is only half as active as the latter for S. lactis R, although fully as active as the latter for L. casei (Stokstad, 1943). A third factor has been isolated (Hutchings, Stokstad, Bohonos, and Slobodkin, 1944) which is almost as potent for L. casei as the liver factor but only 6 per cent as active as the latter for S. lactis R. A 'Now properly classified as Streptococcus faecalis (Gunsalus, Niven, and Sherman, 1944).

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“…The substitution of peptone for proteose peptone in the Heilman medium results in a menstruum that does not support the growth of Streptobacillus moniliformis. This suggests, of course, the lack of certain growth factors in peptone, which is borne out by the work of Stokes, Gunness, and Foster (1944). These workers reported that proteose peptone contains larger amounts of certain B vitamins than does peptone, and stated that a medium prepared with peptone may be deficient in thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and para-aminobenzoic acid, but not in nicotinic acid, biotin, or folic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Substitution of Starch, Glycogen, and Dextrin for Natural Body Fluids in the Cultivation of Streptobacillus Moniliformis

Dumoff

Duffy

1951

J Bacteriol

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Succesful cultivation of Streptobacillus moniliformis on a medium devoid of a natural body fluid was first accomplished by Heilman (1941). He found that a modification of a liquid medium used by Hornibrook (1939) for the cultivation of phase I Hemophilus pertussis would support the growth of this organism. The composition of the medium as used by Heilman and in the present study is shown in table 1. Heilman carried two strains of Streptobacillus miliformis through 40 subcultures on this medium and found that they retained full virulence for mice. He was unable to replace the starch with commercial dextrin, glucose, maltose, or salicin and concluded that commercial soluble starch contained a growth factor for the organism. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether starch could be replaced by other polysaccharides in the growth of Streptobacillus moniliformis.

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Vitamin Content of Ingredients of Microbiological Culture Media

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Growth-Factor-Dependent Strains of Salmonellae

Growth-Factor-Dependent Strains of Salmonellae

Transformation of theStreptococcus lactisR Factor to “Folic Acid” by Resting Cell Suspensions of Enterococci

The Substitution of Starch, Glycogen, and Dextrin for Natural Body Fluids in the Cultivation of Streptobacillus Moniliformis

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