Vitamin D

Bikle, Daniel D.; Adams, John S.; Christakos, Sylvia

doi:10.1002/9781119266594.ch30

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The detection of VDD in archaeological human assemblages can provide a powerful window on health in the past [ 23 , 24 ]. VDD has adverse effects on mineral metabolism [ 25 , 26 ]. Physical manifestations of VDD and subclinical vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) span a spectrum in which diagnostic skeletal lesions are on the extreme end [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D is a hormone precursor produced primarily by the action of type B ultraviolet light (UVB) on sterols in the skin [ 25 ]. Following successive activation steps in the liver and kidney, vitamin D hormone (calcitriol), works to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine and reabsorption of calcium from the kidney for use by bone-producing osteoblasts [ 25 ]. Severe and prolonged deficiency of vitamin D, either through inhibition of cutaneous synthesis or poor dietary intake, is a leading cause of the metabolic bone diseases rickets and osteomalacia [ 26 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D status in post-medieval Northern England: Insights from dental histology and enamel peptide analysis at Coach Lane, North Shields (AD 1711–1857)

Snoddy,

Shaw,

Newman

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objectives The post-medieval period in Europe saw a dramatic increase in metabolic bone disease related to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Recent paleopathological work has utilized interglobular dentin (IGD) as a proxy for poor vitamin D status during development, while enamel peptide analysis allows the identification of chromosomal sex in non-adult remains. Here we explore the relationship between sex, the presence of IGD, and macroscopic markers of VDD in an industrial era assemblage from Northeast England. Materials and methods 25 individuals (9 females, 9 males, 9 unknown sex) from the cemetery site at Coach Lane, North Shields (1711–1857) were selected for paleopathological analysis, histological assessment of IGD, and enamel peptide determination of chromosomal sex. Results Ground tooth sections from 21 individuals were of suitable quality for detection of IGD, and enamel peptide analysis confirmed the chromosomal sex of ten individuals. Sixteen individuals (76.1%) exhibited ≥1 episode of IGD. Nine of these (42.8%) exhibited >1 episode and four (19%) exhibited ≥4 episodes in regular intervals. Male sex was significantly associated with the presence of IGD (p = 0.0351; 100% males vs. 54.5% females). Females were more likely to exhibit macroscopic evidence of VDD (45.5% females vs 30% males) but this was not statistically significant. Discussion and conclusions Periods of poor mineral metabolism during childhood appear much more prevalent at Coach Lane than macroscopic evidence suggests. Evidence of seasonal IGD episodes indicates that northern latitude played a major role in poor VD status in the Northeast of England. The significant association of IGD with male sex may be due to sex-related differences in dentinal mineralization or a higher risk of poor VD status in males aged <5 years. More work is needed to establish an evidence-based threshold for pathological levels of IGD before the presence of this feature can confidently be used as a biomarker for poor VD status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D status in post-medieval Northern England: Insights from dental histology and enamel peptide analysis at Coach Lane, North Shields (AD 1711–1857)

Snoddy,

Shaw,

Newman

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

et al. 2020

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Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners.Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis.Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed.

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Effect of prolonged hospitalization on fetal growth in threatened preterm labor

et al. 2019

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The following maternal parameters were collected : age at delivery, parity, height, body weight before pregnancy, body mass index before pregnancy, smoking status, season at delivery, weeks of pregnancy at delivery, and body weight gain during pregnancy. In addition, the following neonatal parameters were collected : birth weight, birth length, head circumference, chest circumference, sex, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, and pH and base excess of the umbilical artery at delivery. Fetal growth was measured and compared by the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) assessed using ultrasonography at 18, 26, 30, and 36 weeks of gestation. EFW was calculated using the formula 1.07 × BPD 3 + 0.30 × AC 2 × FL (15). The study was approved by our institutional review board. All data are expressed as mean ! standard deviation. Statistical analysis of differences between groups was performed using the IBM SPSS software package and P values ! 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

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Vitamin D

Cited by 7 publications

References 95 publications

Vitamin D status in post-medieval Northern England: Insights from dental histology and enamel peptide analysis at Coach Lane, North Shields (AD 1711–1857)

Vitamin D status in post-medieval Northern England: Insights from dental histology and enamel peptide analysis at Coach Lane, North Shields (AD 1711–1857)

Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

Effect of prolonged hospitalization on fetal growth in threatened preterm labor

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