2012
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-1009
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Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation and One-Year Change in Mammographic Density in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Abstract: Background Calcium and vitamin D may be inversely related to breast cancer risk, in part by affecting mammographic density. However, results from previous, mostly cross-sectional studies have been mixed, and there have been few randomized clinical trials of the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on change in mammographic density. Methods We assessed the effect of one year of supplementation on mammographic density in 330 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Ther… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(19 citation statements)
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“…26,27 A previous WHI report showed that calcium and vitamin D supplementation did not affect mammographic density. 28 While some interventions, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy 29,30 and raloxifene, 31 have greater influence on invasive compared with in situ breast cancer, we could find no prior intervention that lowers in situ breast cancer incidence but doesn't influence invasive breast cancers. The annualized rates of invasive breast cancer were about 4 times higher than the rate of in situ cancer, and in situ cancers have better survival rates.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…26,27 A previous WHI report showed that calcium and vitamin D supplementation did not affect mammographic density. 28 While some interventions, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy 29,30 and raloxifene, 31 have greater influence on invasive compared with in situ breast cancer, we could find no prior intervention that lowers in situ breast cancer incidence but doesn't influence invasive breast cancers. The annualized rates of invasive breast cancer were about 4 times higher than the rate of in situ cancer, and in situ cancers have better survival rates.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Vitamin D has generated interest as a breast cancer risk reduction agent that may also modulate MD (40, 41), however controlled trials with vitamin D and calcium supplementation have not been associated with a decline in MD (42). …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inverse relationships have also been found between vitamin D levels and mammographic density, which is a factor indicative of breast cancer risk [18,24]. There is some evidence, however, that increasing supplementation of vitamin D and calcium may not have a significant impact on decreasing mammographic density [25].…”
Section: Vitamin Dmentioning
confidence: 99%