Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial

Lappe, Joan M.; Travers‐Gustafson, Dianne; Davies, K. Michael; Recker, Robert R.; Heaney, Robert P.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1586

Cited by 1,286 publications

(1,029 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Supplementation with 1100 IU/day increased serum 25(OH)D to 38 ng/mL. After four years of treatment, the supplemented group had a 60% lower risk of developing cancer than the placebo group [49]. In another randomized trial, the Women's Health Initiative, no effect of calcium and 400 IU vitamin D/day was found on the incidence of colorectal or breast cancer, which were secondary outcomes [50;51].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice

Souberbielle¹,

Body

Lappe

et al. 2010

Autoimmunity Reviews

496

375

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Background: There is increasing evidence that, in addition to the well-known effects on musculoskeletal health, vitamin D status may be related to a number of non-skeletal diseases.An international expert panel formulated recommendations on vitamin D for clinical practice, taking into consideration the best evidence available based on published literature today. In addition, where data were limited to smaller clinical trials or epidemiologic studies, the panel made expert-opinion based recommendations.Methods: Twenty-five experts from various disciplines (classical clinical applications, cardiology, autoimmunity, and cancer) established draft recommendations during a 2-day meeting. Thereafter, representatives of all disciplines refined the recommendations and related texts, subsequently reviewed by all panelists. For all recommendations, panelists expressed the extent of agreement using a 5-point scale. Results and conclusion:Recommendations were restricted to clinical practice and concern adult patients with or at risk for fractures, falls, cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, and

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Section: Vitamin D and Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice

Souberbielle¹,

Body

Lappe

et al. 2010

Autoimmunity Reviews

496

375

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A frequently cited RCT (n = 1179 white women over age 55) 75 demonstrated that supplementation with vitamin D plus calcium resulted in RR of developing cancer of 0.402 (P = 0.01) compared to placebo. The trial, however, had many limitations: industry-funded, secondary analysis of fracture trial, unclear allocation concealment, small number of events reported, efficacy of blinding not described, and outcome was patient reporting of new onset cancers.…”

Section: Rctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D: A Narrative Review Examining the Evidence for Ten Beliefs

Allan

Cranston²,

Lindblad

et al. 2016

J GEN INTERN MED

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Over the past decade, a large body of observational evidence has suggested an association between lower vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and multiple acute and chronic disorders, including cancer, multiple sclerosis, depression and respiratory tract infections. This evidence has fostered the hypothesis that increasing vitamin D intake may treat and prevent such disorders. Our objective was to perform a critical analysis of the highestlevel evidence for ten common beliefs regarding vitamin D for the prevention of falls, fractures and respiratory tract infections, the reduction of cancer incidence/mortality and overall mortality, and the prevention or treatment of depression/mental well-being, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as maximum dosing and regular testing. We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and PubMed (up to August 2014) for randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews/ meta-analyses based on those studies. All searches were performed, all evidence reviewed and each section written by at least two authors. The evidence shows that vitamin D supplementation provides some benefit in fracture prevention (likely ∼10-15 % relative reduction), particularly at a dose ≥800 IU and with calcium; a likely benefit in the rate of falls, though it is less clear whether the number of fallers changes; and a possible small (∼5 %) relative reduction in mortality. Evidence does not support the use of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of cancer, respiratory infections or rheumatoid arthritis. Similarly, evidence does not support vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis or for improving depression/mental well-being. Regular testing of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is generally not required, and mega-doses (≥300,000 IU) appear to increase harms. Much of the evidence is at high risk of bias, with multiple flaws, including analyses of secondary endpoints, small and underpowered studies, inconsistent results and numerous other issues. Therefore, enthusiasm for a vitamin D panacea should be tempered.

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“…Epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of and mortality from cancer in northern latitudes with reduced UVB exposure, an association possibly mediated by vitamin D (107) . Furthermore, prospective cohorts have demonstrated an inverse association between 25(OH)D and cancers of the colon, breast and prostate (108)(109)(110)(111) with one intervention study reporting a reduced risk of cancer by 60 % (112) with levels >80 nmol/l. Ananthakrishnan et al (12) looked at data from 2809 patients with IBD and a median plasma 25(OH)D level of 65 nmol/l.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Cancer In Crohn's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal vitamin D levels in Crohn's disease: a review

Raftery

O’Sullivan

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with Crohn's disease. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best measure of an individual's vitamin D status and current cut-off ranges for sufficiency are debatable. Several factors contribute to vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease. These include inadequate exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary intake, impaired conversion of vitamin D to its active metabolite, increased catabolism, increased excretion and genetic variants in vitamin D hydroxylation and transport. The effects of low 25(OH)D on outcomes other than bone health are understudied in Crohn's disease. The aim of the present review is to discuss the potential roles of vitamin D and the possible levels required to achieve them. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may have roles in innate and adaptive immunity, in the immune-pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, prevention of Crohn's disease-related hospitalisations and surgery, in reducing disease severity and in colon cancer prevention. The present literature appears to suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations of ≥75 nmol/l may be required for non-skeletal effects; however, further research on optimal levels is required.

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Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial

Abstract: Improving calcium and vitamin D nutritional status substantially reduces all-cancer risk in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00352170.

Cited by 1,286 publications

References 34 publications

Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice

Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice

Vitamin D: A Narrative Review Examining the Evidence for Ten Beliefs

Optimal vitamin D levels in Crohn's disease: a review

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