Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes

Nardin, Matteo; Verdoia, Monica; Nardin, Simone; Cao, Davide; Chiarito, Mauro; Kedhi, Elvin; Galasso, Gennaro; Condorelli, Gianluigi; De Luca, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/biomedicines12040768

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there is no clinical trial evidence on positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. 44 , 45 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Raharinavalona,

Raherison,

Miandrisoa

et al. 2024

DMSO

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Background Diabetes mellitus is already a major cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). Hypovitaminosis D is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also increases the cardiovascular risk of these subjects. Objective To determine the vitamin D status of Malagasy with T2DM seen at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center, and the association between hypovitaminosis D and CRF. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of 2 years. Assayed by the chemiluminescence technique, vitamin D was “normal”, “insufficient” and “deficient” if the 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma was ≥30 ng/mL, 20–29 ng/mL and ≤19 ng/mL, respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was the set of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Results Among the 318 T2DM, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 66.0% (45.2% insufficiency and 20.8% deficiency). Their factors associated were age ≥70 years (OR = 2.15 [1.26–3.66]), glycated haemoglobin ≥7% (4.97 [2.97–8.39]), and retinopathy (OR = 4.15 [1.85–9.32]). After adjustment for age, Hb A1c ≥7% and retinopathy, hypovitaminosis D was associated with hypertension (OR = 8.77 [4.76–16.2]), dyslipidaemia (OR = 8.05 [3.98–14.5]), ex-smoking (OR = 6.07 [2.78–13.3]), microalbuminuria (OR = 2.95 [1.25–6.97]) and carotid atherosclerosis (OR = 2.96 [1.83–4.35]). Conclusion Hypovitaminosis D was common in T2DM. Its treatment is primarily preventive. It is also important to control associated CRF, diabetes and its complications.

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“…Unfortunately, there is no clinical trial evidence on positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. 44 , 45 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there is no clinical trial evidence on positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. 44,45 The present study has limitations. Its retrospective nature did not make it possible to collect important information which was not included in all medical records, such as sun exposure and eating habits of the patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Raharinavalona,

Raherison,

Miandrisoa

et al. 2024

DMSO

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The Anti-Inflammatory Roles of Vitamin D for Improving Human Health

Fenercioglu

2024

CIMB

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Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are present in almost all cells of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, NK (Natural Killer) cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, as well as the epithelial cells of many organs such as the intestine, pancreas, prostate, lungs, and cardiomyocytes. In addition, some immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B and T cells, can synthesize calcitriol by expressing 1α-hydroxylase. Upon binding to VDRs, vitamin D (Vit D) regulates the expression of genes involved in immune responses, including those encoding for cytokines. It modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vit D also affects the differentiation and maturation of cells of the immune system. By inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, Vit D reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. These effects highlight the potential of Vit D as a therapeutic agent in the management of inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurological diseases, depression, and inflammatory bowel disease.

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Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Combined Vitamin D and K Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies

Rusu,

Bigman,

Ryan

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Aging is a complex process and a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. Menopause, a component of aging in women, is associated with several important cardiometabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Menopausal women could benefit from preventative strategies that may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve their quality of life. Vitamins D and K are essential nutrients required for bone health, immune function, and reducing cardiovascular risks, yet their synergistic effect is less understood in aging women. This is the first comprehensive review to summarize the evidence found in randomized clinical trials of the beneficial effects of vitamin D and K co-treatment in postmenopausal women. In our literature search across key electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid, we identified 31 pertinent studies. Overall, significant findings indicate that the combined intake of vitamins D and K may positively affect cardiovascular and bone health in postmenopausal women, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet rich in vegetables and fermented dairy products. Given the challenges in obtaining all necessary nutrients solely through the diet, vitamin D and K supplements are recommended for postmenopausal women to promote healthy aging and well-being.

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Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes

Cited by 5 publications

References 167 publications

Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

The Anti-Inflammatory Roles of Vitamin D for Improving Human Health

Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Combined Vitamin D and K Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies

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