Vitamin D and Its Role in Oral Diseases Development. Scoping Review

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays a significant role in the whole body, including the maxillofacial region. The discovery of its receptors in many cells and organs made it possible to reveal the participation of vitamin D not only in the regulation of calcium phosphate metabolism, but also in immune processes, in providing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, slowing down cell proliferation and stimulating differentiation. In this literature review, we demonstrate the association between low vitamin D levels and the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the course and response to treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, the severity of periodontal diseases, and the processes of osseointegration and bone remodeling during dental implantation and guided tissue regeneration. The aim of our article was to demonstate a possible connection between vitamin D level and the oral diseases that can be presented at an oral surgery appointment, which will help clinicians to reduce the risk of early dental implant failure, ensure favorable outcomes of augmentative operations, as well as decrease the destructive effects of severe periodontitis and other conditions throug knowledge and timely lab tests and endocrinologist prescriptions.

Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation as Non-Surgical Treatment for Periodontal Disease with a Focus on Female Patients: Literature Review

“…In 2020, Millen and Pavlesen reviewed studies that evaluated an association between vitamin D and periodontal disease; some prospective studies implied that vitamin D prevents tooth loss [ 55 ]. In a scoping review by Diachkova et al, some analyzed studies showed an association between low vitamin D levels and the severity of periodontal disease, defined as either lower soft tissue attachment/attachment loss, changes in probing depth, or reduced indications of systemic inflammation [ 56 ].…”

Physiological mechanisms of action of vitamin D in oral tissues and organs and the possibility of its use in preventive dentistry (literature review)

“…Лиганды VDR активируют деятельность N-киллеров, расположенных в полости рта, и увеличивают фагоцитарную активность макрофагов [45]. Регуляция неспецифического иммунного ответа происходит за счет стимуляции синтеза антимикробных пептидов (β-дефенсинов и кателицидинов) через рецепторы витамина D. В ответ на антигенную стимуляцию активированные клетки врожденного иммунитета продуцируют антимикробные агенты [19]. 1,25(OH) 2 D индуцирует экспрессию β-дефензинов, участвующих в формировании иммунной устойчивости тканей полости рта к микробной колонизации, в том числе пародонтопатогенных штаммов, таких как Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Candida [53,54].…”

“…Работы зарубежных и отечественных авторов показывают, что дефицит витамина D влияет на одонтогенез, в результате чего возникает гипоминерализация твердых тканей зубов, как следствие, увеличение риска возникновения и прогрессирования кариеса зубов, гипоплазии эмали [14,16]. Недостаток витамина D влияет на развитие ответной иммунной реакции при воспалительном процессе в полости рта [14,17,18], ремоделирование костной ткани челюстей [14,19] и формирование противоопухолевого эффекта в тканях челюстно-лицевой области [14,19,20].…”

The Role Of Vitamin D In Periodontal And Peri-Implant Health

“…The potential benefits of adequate vitamin levels include, but are not limited to reduced risk for neurodegenerative disorders, infections, heart failure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections [2,6,83]. In the oral cavity, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to higher risk for chronic periodontitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral cancer, caries, and defective tooth mineralization, with potential effects on orthodontic tooth movement, and dental implant osseointegration and BIC [13,54,61,84].…”