Vitamin D and Other Risk Factors among Stroke Patients

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background: The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine the association between 25(OH) D and SVD in China. Methods: We enrolled consecutive 106 patients with SVD and 115 controls in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and Jinan City people’s hospital between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. Vitamin D status was estimated by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D]. The subjects were categorized into three subgroups: vitamin D deficiency (≤12ng/ml), insufficiency (12-20ng/ml) and sufficiency (≥20 ng/ml). Results: Among 106 stroke patients, 80 (75.5%) were men and mean age was 61.6±13.2 years. 25(OH) D deficiency was observed in 76 (71.7%) stroke patients and 47 (40.9%) controls (P=0.001). Comparing with controls, patients with SVD were correlated with higher proportion of male, the histories of stroke, smoking and hyperlipidemia; higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein; lower of 25(OH)D level. The logistic regression analysis showed the level of 25(OH)D was independently predicted the occurrence of SVD (OR 0.772, CI 0.691-0.862, P=0.001). Compared with those in sufficiency group (≥20ng/ml), the ORs of SVD in the deficiency (≤12ng/ml) and insufficiency group (12–20 ng/ml) of 25(OH)D were 5.609 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.006-15.683] and 1.077 (95% CI: 0.338-3.428) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. We also found a significant effect modification of SVD risk by 25(OH)D status and hypertension interaction (P=0.001), and compared with those with sufficiency 25(OH)D levels, in hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency (≤12ng/ml) and insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml), the ORs were increased to 9.738 (2.398-39.540) and 1.108 (0.232-5.280), respectively (Pinteraction=0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed patients with SVD were correlated with the deficiency of 25(OH)D. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of developing SVD. Our study raises the importance that vitamin D supplementation combined with monitoring hypertension are promising approaches in the management of SVD.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China

et al. 2019

Preprint

“…In our study, we further confirmed patients with SVD were correlated with the deficiency of 25(OH)D . Our study was in line with the former studies from different races including in Nepal, India, Iran and Italy [14,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background: The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine such association between 25(OH) D and SVD in China. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 106 patients with SVD and 115 controls between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. All the subjects were categorized into three subgroups according to the level of 25(OH) D: vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (>20 ng/ml). Results: Among 106 SVD patients, 80 (75.5%) were men and the mean age was 61.6±13.2 years. The deficiency of 25(OH) D was observed in 76 (71.7%) of SVD patients and 47 (40.9%) of controls (P=0.001). Compared with controls, patients with SVD were more likely to be male, a stroke history, smokers, with hyperlipidemia, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and lower of 25(OH)D level (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed the level of 25(OH)D as an independent predictor of SVD (OR 0.772, 95% CI 0.691-0.862, P=0.001). Compared with the sufficient 25(OH)D group, the ORs of SVD in deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D group were 5.609 (95% CI 2.006-15.683) and 1.077 (95% CI: 0.338-3.428) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficient and insufficient group compared with sufficient group, the ORs of SVD increased to 9.738 (95% CI 2.398-39.540) and 1.108 (95% CI 0.232-5.280), respectively (Pinteraction=0.001). Conclusion: We found significant associations between SVD and 25(OH)D deficiency. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of developing SVD. Our findings will warrant further prospective studies in the future.

“…However, the above studies had a limited representation of individuals from China. In our study, we further confirmed patients with SVD were correlated with the deficiency of 25(OH)D. Our study was in line with the former studies from different races including in Nepal, India, Iran and Italy [15,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China

et al. 2019

BMC Neurol

Background The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine such the association between 25(OH) D and SVD in China. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 106 patients with SVD and 115 controls between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. All the subjects were categorized into three subgroups according to the level of 25 (OH) D: vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12–20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (> 20 ng/ml). Results Among 106 SVD patients, 80 (75.5%) were men and the mean age was 61.6 ± 13.2 years. The deficiency of 25(OH) D was observed in 76 (71.7%) of SVD patients and 47 (40.9%) of controls ( P = 0.001). Compared with controls, patients with SVD were more likely to be male, a stroke history, smokers, with hyperlipidemia, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and lower of 25(OH)D level ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed the level of 25 (OH) D as an independent predictor of SVD ( OR 0.772, 95% CI 0.691–0.862, P = 0.001). Compared with the sufficient 25 (OH) D group, the ORs of SVD in deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D group were 5.609 (95% CI 2.006–15.683) and 1.077 (95% CI : 0.338–3.428) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficient and insufficient group compared with sufficient group, the ORs of SVD increased to 9.738 (95% CI 2.398–39.540) and 1.108 (95% CI 0.232–5.280), respectively ( P interaction = 0.001). Conclusion We found significant associations between SVD and 25(OH)D deficiency. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of developing SVD. Our findings will warrant further prospective studies in the future.