Vitamin D Deficiency and Altered Bone Mineral Metabolism in HIV-infected Individuals

Eckard, Allison Ross; McComsey, Grace A.

doi:10.1007/s11904-014-0218-8

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Deficiency of vitamin D has been incriminated a variety of chronic diseases including tuberculosis (16), HIV (10), hypertension (12), colon cancer (11) and chronic kidney diseases (22). However, outcome of clinical trials of vitamin D therapy in clinical trials of disease has not shown very promising data (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D receptor deficit induces activation of renin angiotensin system via SIRT1 modulation in podocytes

Chandel

Ayasolla

Wen

et al. 2017

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficient status has been shown to be associated with the activation of renin angiotensin system (RAS). We hypothesized that lack of VDR would enhance p53 expression in podocytes through down regulation of SIRT1; the former would enhance the transcription of angiotensinogen (Agt) and angiotensinogen II type 1 receptor (AT1R) leading to the activation of RAS. Renal tissues of VDR mutant (M) mice displayed increased expression of p53, Agt, renin, and AT1R. In vitro studies, VDR knockout podocytes not only displayed up regulation p53 but also displayed enhanced expression of Agt, renin and AT1R. VDR deficient podocytes also displayed an increase in mRNA expression for p53, Agt, renin, and AT1R. Interestingly, renal tissues of VDR-M as well as VDR heterozygous (h) mice displayed attenuated expression of deacetylase SIRT1. Renal tissues of VDR-M mice showed acetylation of p53 at lysine (K) 382 residues inferring that enhanced p53 expression in renal tissues could be the result of ongoing acetylation, a consequence of SIRT1 deficient state. Notably, podocytes lacking SIRT1 not only showed acetylation of p53 at lysine (K) 382 residues but also displayed enhanced p53 expression. Either silencing of SIRT1/VDR or treatment with high glucose enhanced podocyte PPAR-y expression, whereas, immunoprecipitation (IP) of their lysates with anti-Retinoid X receptor (RXR) antibody revealed presence of PPAR-y. It appears that either the deficit of SIRT1 has de-repressed expression of PPAR-y or enhanced podocyte expression of PPAR-y (in the absence of VDR) has contributed to the down regulation of SIRT1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D receptor deficit induces activation of renin angiotensin system via SIRT1 modulation in podocytes

Chandel

Ayasolla

Wen

et al. 2017

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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“…When calcium absorption is sub-optimal, serum calcium levels decrease which in turn stimulates the production of PTH from the parathyroid glands [ 81 ]. This increases the reabsorption of calcium and enhances the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) ligand (RANKL) on osteoblasts to increase the production of mature osteoclasts which mobilizes calcium to bone, restoring serum calcium concentrations to normal [ 82 ]. PTH also mobilizes phosphorous from bone, as well as decreases kidney phosphorous reabsorption which causes phosphaturia [ 82 ].…”

Section: Bone Mineral Density (Bmd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature

Kruger

Nell

2017

AIDS Res Ther

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Bone health status is largely absent in South Africa, the main reasons being the absence and cost-effectiveness of specific screening equipment for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). Various risk factors seem to play a role, some of which can be modified to change bone health status. Urbanisation is also a public health concern. Changing nutritional, as well as social behaviour, play integral roles in the prevalence and incidence of decreased BMD. Furthermore, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specifically, has a negative impact on BMD and although highly active antiretroviral therapy increases the prognosis for HIV-infected individuals, BMD still seem to decrease further. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is considered the gold standard for BMD assessment; however, recent developments have provided more cost-effective screening methods, among which heel quantitative ultrasound appears to be the most widely used in resource limited countries such as South Africa.

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“…Vitamin D deficiency is as common in HIV, as it is in the general community and is of multifactorial etiology [110]. Although some studies suggest that the widespread adoption of universal vitamin D supplementation will prevent falls in the general elderly population, careful meta-analyses do not support this recommendation [111].…”

Section: Testosterone and Vitamin D On Falls And Fracture Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than osteoporosis

Erlandson

Guaraldi

Falutz

2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of Review The interaction between fall and fracture risk factors is an area of increasing clinical relevance, but little is known about the age-specific issues in bone health unique to HIV-infected adults. This review will focus on what is known about falls and fall risk factors among HIV-infected adults, and then review the association between decreased muscle, increased adiposity, and frailty with both low BMD and falls Recent Findings The rate of falls among middle-aged HIV-infected adults is similar to that of HIV-uninfected adults 65 years and older. Many of the clinical factors that contribute to low BMD overlap with risk factors for falls, resulting in a high risk of a serious fall among older adults with the greatest risk for a fracture. Low muscle mass, increased adiposity and metabolic syndrome, physical function impairment and frailty, common among older HIV-infected adults, contribute to an increased risk for low BMD and falls, and subsequently, may increase the risk of fracture among HIV-infected older adults. Summary Interventions with dual benefit on reducing fall risk and improving BMD are likely to have the greatest impact on fracture prevention in the older, HIV-infected adult.

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Altered Bone Mineral Metabolism in HIV-infected Individuals

Cited by 16 publications

References 85 publications

Vitamin D receptor deficit induces activation of renin angiotensin system via SIRT1 modulation in podocytes

Vitamin D receptor deficit induces activation of renin angiotensin system via SIRT1 modulation in podocytes

Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature

More than osteoporosis

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