Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency According to the Current Criteria for Children: Vitamin D Status of Elementary School Children in Turkey

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the ratio of seasonal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in elementary school children aged between 6-9 years old, living in one of the largest metropols of Europe, İstanbul. Methods: Serum 25(OH)D levels of 640 children aged 6-9 years old were scanned retrospectively from the hospital information system records between September 2017-August 2018 period. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level less than 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/L) and insufficiency as levels between 12 and 20 ng/mL (30-50 nmol/L). Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels ranged from 3.90 to 64.60 ng/mL, the median value was 25.95 ng/mL for all subjects. Of all the primary school children, 485 (75.78%) had adequate levels of 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 36 of children (5.62%), whereas insufficient levels of 25(OH)D were found in 119 children (18.60%). The ratio of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency together was highest in spring (31.87%) and lowest in summer (13.12%). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is a widely observed and preventable public health problem among children of different ages. It is necessary to increase the awareness among health professionals, and providing 25(OH)D supplements will yield generations with healthy bone structure and well growth.

The comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children with COVID‐19: A 6‐months prospective study

“…Laboratory tests performed included: full blood count, clotting test (PT, aPTT, and d ‐dimers, fibrinogen, antithrombin III), blood gas analysis, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG), glucose, amylase, lipase, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, electrolytes, troponin, creatine phosphokinase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin, serum ferritin, c‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), vitamin D, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, lupus anticoagulant (LAC), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), complement C 3 and C 4 , perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p‐ANCA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c‐ANCA), anticardiolipin, anti‐beta2 glycoprotein I (GPI) IgG and IgM, fecal calprotectin, urine analysis and 24 h urine collection for kidney function test, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular phosphate reabsorption, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio (Pr/Cr), calcium/creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr), 24‐h urine protein excretion (Prot/24 h). Vitamin D deficiency was defined if serum hydroxyvitamin D levels were less than 20 ng/ml, while insufficiency if between 20 and 30 ng/ml 10 …”

“…Vitamin D deficiency was defined if serum hydroxyvitamin D levels were less than 20 ng/ml, while insufficiency if between 20 and 30 ng/ml. 10 The iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM assays (YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd) were used to evaluate the antibody response to the virus by chemiluminescence immunoassay, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The antibody levels were expressed as arbitrary unit per ml (AU/ml).…”

Klavikula kırığı saptanan yenidoğan hastalarda serum D vitamini düzeyleri

“…According to the serum 25-OH vitamin D levels, newborns were classified as having normal vitamin D status (>30 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficient (between 20-30 ng/mL) or deficiency (<20 ng / mL) 10 . The serum concentration of 25-OH vitamin D was measured using an Electro Chemo Luminescence Immuno Assay from Roche Diagnostics.…”

Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency According to Current Criteria for Children: Vitamin D Status of Elementary School Children in Turkey

“…We read the article of Hocaoğlu-Emre et al (1) entitled ‘Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency According to the Current Criteria for Children: Vitamin D Status of Elementary School Children in Turkey’ in the Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology with great interest. In this study, the researchers investigated serum vitamin D levels in 640 healthy children between the ages of 6 and 9 years.…”

“…They explained further that vitamin D levels were checked in healthy children by an “annual check-up for vitamin D status” at the hospital. The authors conclude that close follow-up of vitamin D status especially in the winter and post-winter period is necessary and that vitamin D supplementation be given for a strong bone structure and healthy growth (1).…”