Vitamin D deficiency in dialysis patients and its effect on various disease markers

Abstract

Longitudinal linkages between intentional exposure to x‐rated material and sexually aggressive behavior were examined among youth 10–15 year olds surveyed nationally in the United States. At Wave 1 in 2006, participants (n = 1,588) were queried about these exposures and outcomes in the preceding 12 months. Wave 2 data (n = 1,206) were collected approximately 12 months after Wave 1 and Wave 3 data (n = 1,159) were collected approximately 24 months after Wave 1. Thus, data for this project represent a 36‐month time frame. A marginal model with generalized estimating equations was used to represent the population‐average odds of sexually aggressive behavior over the 36 months as a function of exposure to x‐rated material over the same time and to account for clustering in the data within person over time. An average of 5% of youth reported perpetrating sexually aggressive behavior and 23% of youth reported intentional exposure to x‐rated material. After adjusting for other potentially influential proximal (i.e., sexual aggression victimization) and distal characteristics (e.g., substance use), we found that intentional exposure to violent x‐rated material over time predicted an almost 6‐fold increase in the odds of self‐reported sexually aggressive behavior (aOR: 5.8, 95% CI: 3.2, 10.5), whereas exposure to nonviolent x‐rated material was not statistically significantly related (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.94, 2.9). Associations were similar for boys and girls (boys nonviolent x‐rated material aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 4.7; violent x‐rated material aOR = 6.5, 95% CI: 2.7, 15.3; girls nonviolent x‐rated material aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.5, 3.2; violet x‐rated material aOR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.5, 14.8). Aggr. Behav. 37:1–18, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D concentrations are more deficient/insufficient in peritoneal dialysis than haemodialysis patients in a sunny climate

“…The substantial variation in 25(OH)D concentration between individuals and groups could be a result of factors that include latitude, skin pigmentation, vitamin D intake from food and supplements, and sun protection culture (Holick, ). In addition, there is a range of factors specific to dialysis patients that may further explain the aetiology of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in this group, in particular but not limited to lower dietary intake (Korkor et al ., ), possibly as a result of dietary restrictions and decreased appetite; limited mobility and time outdoors (Clayton & Singer, ; Korkor et al ., ); reduced synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin as a result of reduced glomerular filtration rate (Michaud et al ., ); and losses in the peritoneal fluid (Sahin et al ., ). However, the evidence discriminating between dietary and sun exposure sources of vitamin D is scant.…”

Markers of mineral metabolism and vascular access complications: The Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD (CHOICE) study

“…1,2 The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying vascular access complications are poorly understood. 10 Due to the block in conversion from 25(OH)D to active 1,25D in ESRD, 1,25D or its analogs are frequently administered to patients with ESRD to overcome these adverse effects. Our prior work suggests mineral metabolism may be an important target for intervention but confirmatory studies are needed.…”

“…9 Deficiency of 25(OH)D is common among patients with ESRD, with some studies estimating the prevalence above 80%. 10 Due to the block in conversion from 25(OH)D to active 1,25D in ESRD, 1,25D or its analogs are frequently administered to patients with ESRD to overcome these adverse effects. Nonetheless, 25(OH)D may be locally converted in tissues or have other direct effects, and recent studies suggest that low 25(OH)D associates with mortality in HD patients in meta-analyses.…”

A Comparison of Dietary Intake Between Individuals Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in the United Kingdom and China

“…Insufficient vitamin D intake can contribute to serum vitamin D deficiency, which is highly prevalent in the haemodialysis population 44 . The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in individuals receiving haemodialysis is multifactorial but insufficient sunlight exposure 45,46 , reduced dietary intake 46 , and reduced skin synthesis 47 are all believed to play a role. It has been shown that vitamin D deficiency results in a series of adverse complications, including cardiovascular disease 48 , osteoporosis and fractures 49 , ultimately leading to a high mortality risk in this population [50][51][52][53] .…”