Vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in cardiac disease and affects patient outcome: Still a myth or a fact that needs exploration?

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that a low vitamin D status may be an important and hitherto neglected factor of cardiovascular disease. This review is an overview of the current body of literature, and presents evidence of the mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency affects the cardiovascular system in general and the heart in particular. Available data indicate that the majority of congestive heart failure patients have 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level has a higher impact on hypertension, coronary artery disease an on the occurrence of relevant cardiac events. A serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 75 nmol/l (30 ng/l) is generally regarded as vitamin D insufficiency in both adults and children, while a level below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/l) is considered deficiency. Levels below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/l) are linked independently to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Is the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle affected by vitamin D deficiency in nondiabetics? A 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiographic study

“…4 On the other hand, the levels of some biomarkers that may be effective on the myocardial function are different in subjects with vitamin D deficiency. 28 Hence, the effects of these changes on the longitudinal deformation of the subendocardial myocardium in nondiabetics may prove too subtle for 2DSTE to detect. What should also be taken into account is that these changes and effects may be potentiated in a diabetic milieu.…”

Effect of Vitamin D deficiency on Lipid Profile

“…The importance of vitamin D is described by several research studies and some of researcher have also focused on determining vitamin D impact on the lipid profile of a person. It is suggested by some researchers that concentration of vitamin D has a strong association with the dyslipidemia and risks of different cardiovascular disorders [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As stated in the literature, deficiency in vitamin D is significantly associated with prevalence of some cardiovascular disease as well as dyslipidemia.…”

“…The therapeutic interventions for lowering level of cholesterol can also decrease the mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases. Some research studies have also demonstrated a link between dyslipidemia and decreased concentration of vitamin D [3]. Vitamin D is one of essential fat soluble vitamin, which performs many functions in the human body.…”

Role of Vitamin D in Various Illnesses: A Review

“…A prospective study in which 3299 patients referred for coronary angiography found that low 25-hydroxy vitamin D as well as 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were prospectively and independent of cardiovascular risk factors associated with an increased risk of death due to heart failure and of sudden cardiac death [19,20]. Considering the importance of extra renal CYP27B1-mediated production of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D for control of cell proliferation, e.g.…”