Vitamin D Effects on Selected Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation

Abstract

BackgroundObesity is related to changes in adipokine secretion, activity of adipose tissue macrophages, helper T cells, and regulatory T cells. It has been confirmed that vitamin D has potent anti-inflammatory properties. It contributes to reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is also evidence that vitamin D could decrease C-reactive protein (CRP) and affect selected haematological indices.Aim of the StudyWe aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, CRP, blood leukocyte profile, and platelet (PLT) count in overweight and obese children before and after six months of vitamin D supplementation.Material and MethodsThe study group consisted of 67 overweight and obese children aged 9.08-17.5 years. The control group included 31 normal weight peers age- and sex-matched. None of the studied children had received vitamin D supplementation before the study. Data were analyzed at baseline and after vitamin D supplementation.ResultsThe study group had lower baseline 25(OH)D (p<0.001) and higher white blood cell (WBC) (p=0.014), granulocyte (p=0.015), monocyte (p=0.009) and CRP (p=0.002) compared to the control group. In the study group, vitamin D levels were related negatively to nutritional status. Leukocyte profile parameters, PLT, CRP, IL-10 or IL-17 were not related to baseline 25(OH)D. Baseline IL-17 levels correlated with monocytes (R= 0.36, p=0.003) independently on 25(OH)D deficit. In children with vitamin D <15ng/ml, the baseline 25(OH)D was related to CRP (R=-0.42, p=0.017). After six months of vitamin D supplementation, we noticed a decrease in CRP levels (p=0.0003). Serum 25(OH)D correlated with IL-10 in that period (R=0.27, p=0.028). Moreover, we noticed that IL-10 correlated with monocyte (R=-0.28, p=0.023). We did not find any significant associations between 25(OH)D and leukocyte profile parameters, PLT, or IL-17. The multivariable stepwise regression analysis identified IL-10 as the parameter positively associated with 25(OH)D.ConclusionsOur study confirmed beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese paediatric populations. Vitamin D intake seems to exert its anti-inflammatory effect mainly via decreasing the CRP level and protecting stabile values of IL-10, rather than its impact on pro-inflammatory factors such as lL-17 and leukocyte profile parameters.

Two-Month Consumption of Orange Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3 and Probiotics Decreases Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Blood Lipids, and Arterial Blood Pressure in High-Cardiometabolic-Risk Patients on a Westernized Type Diet: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial

“…The intervention led to significant improvements in energy and macronutrient intake, body weight, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid profiles. These findings resonate with earlier studies demonstrating the benefits of vitamin D3 and probiotics on metabolic health [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The observed synergistic effect highlights the potential of combining these bioactive compounds in a dietary matrix.…”

“…To address such multifaceted physiological disruptions, researchers have turned their attention to innovative dietary interventions that leverage the combined effects of bioactive substances, including vitamin D and probiotics. Vitamin D3 has emerged as a focal point in enhancing insulin sensitivity [1], modulating lipid profiles [2], and exerting anti-inflammatory effects [3], while probiotics have been recognized for their ability to modulate the gut microbiota [4], systemic inflammation [5], and lipid metabolism [6]. A recent systematic review of seven clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underscored the synergistic benefits of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation (lactic acid bacteria) in ameliorating chronic disease markers and improving metabolic health more effectively than either component alone [7].…”

From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation

“…Vitamin D supplementation increases the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-10) in subjects with normal weight and vitamin D insufficiency [ 134 ]. While some studies have suggested that increased serum 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 concentrations are associated with decreased inflammatory marker expression in individuals with normal weight [ 135 ], other research has found no significant effects of vitamin D on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with obesity [ 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ]. Furthermore, studies on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRP serum levels in patients with obesity have yielded conflicting results [ 137 , 138 , 139 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 ].…”

Positive Association Between Nutrient Adequacy and Waist Circumference: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

“…When consumption of a micronutrient falls below the current recommended dietary allowance (RDA), a significant chronic metabolic disturbance may occurs [ 23 ]. In earlier studies, micronutrients, including vitamins D and E and others, have been linked to obesity [ 24 25 26 27 ]. We observed that the mean dietary adequacy of vitamins D and E in this study was far below recommended values.…”