Vitamin D in dairy cows: metabolism, status and functions in the immune system

Eder, Klaus; Grundmann, Sarah M.

doi:10.1080/1745039x.2021.2017747

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…VitD acts as an activator of the innate immune system to enhance the response to infection. VitD stimulates the microbicidal capacity of the innate cells against pathogens by promoting the expression of antimicrobial proteins, lowering the intracellular ion concentration and enhancing autophagy 16 , 17 . We have recently shown how exogenous VitD promotes mycobacterial killing in peripheral blood cells from calves 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture

Vigors

Flores-Villalva

Meade

2023

Sci Rep

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Vitamin D (VitD) is emerging as an immune regulator in addition to its established role in metabolism and mineral homeostasis. This study sought to determine if in vivo VitD modulated the oral and faecal microbiome in Holstein–Friesian dairy calves. The experimental model consisted of two control groups (Ctl-In, Ctl-Out) which were fed with a diet containing 6000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 2000 IU/Kg in feed, and two treatment groups (VitD-In, VitD-Out) with 10,000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 4000 IU/Kg in feed. One control and one treatment group were moved outdoors post-weaning at approximately 10 weeks of age. Saliva and faecal samples were collected after 7 months of supplementation and analysis of the microbiome was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity analysis identified that both sampling site (oral vs. faecal) and housing (indoor vs. outdoor) had significant influences on the composition of the microbiome. The calves housed outdoors had greater microbial diversity in the faecal samples based on Observed, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Fisher measures in comparison to calves housed indoors (P < 0.05). A significant interaction between housing and treatment was observed for the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, CF231 and Paludibacter in faecal samples. The genera Oscillospira and Dorea were increased while Clostridium and Blautia were decreased following VitD supplementation in the faecal samples (P < 0.05). An interaction between VitD supplementation and housing was detected in the abundance of the genera Actinobacillus and Streptococcus in the oral samples. VitD supplementation increased the genera Oscillospira, Helcococcus and reduced the genera Actinobacillus, Ruminococcus, Moraxella, Clostridium, Prevotella, Succinivibrio and Parvimonas. These preliminary data suggest that VitD supplementation alters both the oral and faecal microbiome. Further research will now be conducted to establish the significance of microbial alterations for animal health and performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture

Vigors

Flores-Villalva

Meade

2023

Sci Rep

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“…Through these genomic mechanisms, vitamin D signaling regulates numerous biological processes related to glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis [ 6 ]. Given vitamin D’s pleiotropic effects mediated by VDR activation, research has focused on elucidating the potential metabolic benefits of optimizing vitamin D status [ 7 ]. However, interventional studies on vitamin D supplementation in humans have yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the nature of these complex relationships [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Blood Glucose and Cholesterol Levels

Elsheikh,

Alabdullah,

Al-Harbi

et al. 2024

Clinics and Practice

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions globally. Observational data link low vitamin D status to diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, but interventional trials on the effects of supplementation are limited. Objective: We investigated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and metabolic markers in Saudi adults. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical records of 476 patients from Saudi Arabia, aged 15–78 years. According to 25(OH)D levels, participants were stratified as vitamin D-sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), -insufficient (21–29 ng/mL), or -deficient (≤20 ng/mL). The outcomes were diabetic status (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and lipid panel results. Results: Higher diabetes prevalence was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (10.1% in the sufficient group, 11.6% in the insufficient group, and 18.3% in the deficient group). Similarly, worse lipid profiles were associated with more severe hypovitaminosis D, including a total cholesterol level of ≥240 mg/dL (5.3% in participants with normal vitamin D levels vs. 18.9% in those with deficient levels) and LDL ≥ 160 mg/dL (6.9% in participants with normal vitamin D levels vs. 13.2% in those with deficient levels). Vitamin D deficiency disproportionately affected women and adults > 45 years old. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Saudi Arabia and strongly linked to worsened metabolic markers. Optimizing vitamin D status through screening and correcting the deficiency may provide a cost-effective approach to confronting the regional diabetes epidemic and reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin for the formation of bones and teeth and for the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the intestines (Eder & Grundmann, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 potentiates the innate immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Japanese Black cattle

Oyamada

Iizasa

Usa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a bioactive Vitamin D, is known to regulate immune responses in mammals. However, its impact on the innate immune responses of Japanese Black cattle, which are beef cattle endemic to Japan, remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the immune responses of PBMC from Japanese Black cattle. PBMC were cultured with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 for measurement of cell viability, and stimulated with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for measurement of the gene expressions. As the results, the treatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the cell viability. It also upregulated antibacterial peptides, DEFB10 and LAP with or without LPS stimulation. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the inflammatory responses, CXCL8 with LPS stimulation and NOS2 with or without LPS stimulation, while reducing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 with or without LPS stimulation, leading to an inflammatory phenotype. However, in contrast to humans and mice, 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter the expression of TNF and downregulated TREM1 with LPS treatment. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 potentiates the innate immune responses of Japanese Black cattle, albeit with different effects and mechanisms as compared to humans and mice.

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Vitamin D in dairy cows: metabolism, status and functions in the immune system

Cited by 24 publications

References 160 publications

The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture

The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture

The Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Blood Glucose and Cholesterol Levels

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 potentiates the innate immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Japanese Black cattle

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