Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian children, regardless of body fat distribution

Abstract

The study results showed that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high among the children and insulin resistance was the main cardiometabolic alteration associated with this condition, even in a tropical climate country such as Brazil.

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in primary schoolchildren. The healthy growth study

“…To date, there is a limited number of studies in the literature focusing on the interplay between obesity, IR and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, especially in children. One of the few available studies was conducted with Brazilian children aged 8 to 9 years old and revealed that vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with IR, regardless of children's body fat mass levels . Furthermore, the “Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study” indicated that children with low vitamin D levels were at 3 to 4 times higher risk for having IR after adjusting for various confounding factors including age, seasonality and BMI .…”

Agreement of body adiposity index (BAI) and paediatric body adiposity index (BAIp) in determining body fat in Brazilian children and adolescents

“…The results of the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that BAIp and BAI had the ability to predict excess body adiposity in children and adolescents, especially BAIp, with a better performance in the 18-19 years age group compared with BAI. However, the Bland-Altman test showed no good agreement of these indices with the values Table 4 Probabilities of correct decisions and misclassification errors, validity coefficients, and expected utility, disutility and maximal utility for cut-offs points of the body adiposity index (BAI) and the paediatric body adiposity index (BAIp) for the classification of high adiposity, by age and sex, in children and adolescents aged [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] El Aarbaoui et al (9) assessed individuals aged 5-12 years to verify the effectiveness of the BAI equation and a possible need for another equation more efficient for the paediatric population. Their results showed that BAI overestimated body fat values in this age group and a paediatric equation was necessary for this evaluation, namely the BAIp.…”

“…The statistical program Epi Info (version 7) was used for sample calculation, considering the total number of children aged 8 and 9 years enrolled in urban schools in 2015 ( n 1464), prevalence of obesity of 10·7 % ( 13 ) , tolerated error of 3 %, confidence level at 95 % and 20 % increase to cover losses, totalling 392 children in the final sample. The selection of children has already been described previously ( 14 , 15 ) . Briefly, stratified random sampling was carried out to select the schoolchildren, in which the number of children to be sampled in each school was weighted by school according to its size.…”

Obesogenic environment around schools is associated with atherogenic risk in Brazilian children

“…The study design, sample size calculation and non‐inclusion criteria have been previously described (Albuquerque et al, 2018; Milagres et al, 2017). In brief, 378 children (181 boys; 197 girls) were selected by stratified random sampling.…”