Vitamin D protects against oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatorenal damage induced by acute paracetamol toxicity in rat

Vitamin D3 and calcium cosupplementation alleviates cadmium hepatotoxicity in the rat: Enhanced antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory actions by remodeling cellular calcium pathways

“…In contrast, stronger antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects, enhanced cell viability and more effective regulation of Ca 2+ proteins were detected in the VD group compared with the PC and Ca groups. Our findings advocate that VD 3 could be more advantageous than Ca 2+ in mitigating Cd‐induced hepatic injury, possibly by simultaneously exerting more potent antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and Ca 2+ ‐regulatory actions . However, the VDC group showed the supreme protective effects alongside the lowest apoptosis index compared with the monotherapy groups.…”

“…Moreover, VD 3 controls many cellular Ca 2+ ‐regulatory molecules including VDCCs, SOCs, and CAM‐CAMKII . VD 3 is also a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative hormone that has been shown to efficiently modulate many of the oxidative stress and the inflammatory pathways involved in Cd‐induced cell damage . Therefore, we speculate that the dysregulation of the hepatic VD system could have created a biased molecular milieu by which Cd facilitated its influx into the hepatocyte, oxidative stress, and inflammation under the umbrella of hypovitaminosis D and dyshomeostasis of hepatic Ca 2+ molecules .…”

“…A final hydroxylation occurs by renal tubular Cyp27b1 enzyme to form active VD (VD 3 ) . VD 3 initiates its cellular actions by activating its nuclear receptor (vitamin D receptor [VDR]), which is abundantly expressed in hepatic tissues . The bioavailability of active VD 3 is generally regulated in the targeted organs, including the liver, by the Cyp24a1 catalyzing enzyme …”

“…[19,20] Vitamin D (VD) is a plethoric steroid hormone associated with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions alongside its well-established calcaemic effects. [21,22] The main systemic form of VD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD), is synthesized by the hepatic microsomal Cyp2R1 and mitochondrial Cyp27a1 hydroxylases. [21,22] Circulatory 25-OH VD is transported reversibly attached to its specific vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), which is also mainly produced by the liver.…”

“…[21,22] The main systemic form of VD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD), is synthesized by the hepatic microsomal Cyp2R1 and mitochondrial Cyp27a1 hydroxylases. [21,22] Circulatory 25-OH VD is transported reversibly attached to its specific vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), which is also mainly produced by the liver. [23,24] A final hydroxylation occurs by renal tubular Cyp27b1 enzyme to form active VD (VD 3 ).…”