Vitamin D’s Role in Reducing Risk of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Incidence, Severity, and Death

Grant, William B.

doi:10.3390/nu14010183

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Recently published articles discussed several possible mechanisms in which vitamin D can help reduce SARS−CoV−2 infections and lessen the mortality of those affected patients ( 44 ). One mechanism discussed in which vitamin D can reduce viral infections is by maintaining tight junctions ( 45 , 46 ), which may reduce viral infections because there is evidence that viral entry into cells may be due to viruses compromising the integrity of tight junctions ( 47 ).…”

Section: Vitamin D-dependent Effects Of Magnesium On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Eskander

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Section: Vitamin D-dependent Effects Of Magnesium On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Eskander

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…It has been demonstrated that vitamin D reinforces mucosal integrity and counteracts the inflammatory response which contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury [ 79 ]. Recent studies published in the literature have investigated these immune-modulating properties of vitamin D against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that has affected the world since the end of 2019, with controversial findings [ 80 , 81 ]. However, the mechanisms by which vitamin D modulates COVID-19 infection are not well determined.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Covid-19 In Parkinson’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2022

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability. Furthermore, PD is associated with a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability. In recent years, some investigations, from basic science to clinical applications, have focused on the role of vitamin D in PD, often with controversial findings. Vitamin D has widespread effects on several biological processes in the central nervous system, including neurotransmission in dopaminergic neural circuits. Various studies have recorded lower levels of vitamin D in PD patients than in healthy controls. Low vitamin D status has also been correlated with the risk for PD and motor severity, whereas less is known about the effects vitamin D has on cognitive function and other non-motor symptoms. This review aims to better characterize the correlation between vitamin D and PD, clarify the role of vitamin D in PD prevention and treatment, and discuss avenues for future research in this field.

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“…TLR activation leads to up-regulation of expression of the intracellular CYP27B1 and VDR; the former event up-regulates the enzymatic conversion of the prohormone calcifediol to its active metabolite, calcitriol, which can then engage the VDR in an intracrine mode and control CAMP gene expression. Only in higher primates, including man, is the CAMP gene regulated by calcitriol 17 .Serum 25D of approximately 50 ng/mL or more is thought sufficient to support intracellular generation of 1,25D, activation of the VDR, transactivation of the CAMP gene and production and release of LL37 to combat SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in the host 16 . Serum levels of 1,25D and LL37 were observed to trend upward with ERC treatment, reflecting their elevated intracellular concentrations in the inflammatory microenvironment of the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum 25D of approximately 50 ng/mL or more is thought sufficient to support intracellular generation of 1,25D, activation of the VDR, transactivation of the CAMP gene and production and release of LL37 to combat SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in the host 16 . Serum levels of 1,25D and LL37 were observed to trend upward with ERC treatment, reflecting their elevated intracellular concentrations in the inflammatory microenvironment of the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results From the REsCue Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Extended-Release Calcifediol in Symptomatic Outpatients with COVID-19

Bishop

Ashfaq

Melnick³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Importance: The benefit of vitamin D treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the effect of raising serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to 50-100 ng/mL with oral extended-release calcifediol (ERC) on time to symptom resolution in mild to moderate COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated treatment of 160 outpatients with COVID-19 diagnosed between November 2020 and October 2021. Interventions: Patients were treated for 4 weeks with ERC (30 mcg/capsule; 300 mcg on Days 1-3 and 60 mcg on Days 4-27) or placebo. Outcome Measures: Primary endpoints were raising serum 25D to >=50 ng/mL at Day 14 and resolution time for five aggregated symptoms. Secondary endpoints included resolution time for aggregated and individual symptoms as a function of serum 25D and changes in clinical biomarkers. Results: 171 subjects randomized, 160 treated and 134 (65 ERC and 69 placebo) retained. Average age was 43 (range: 18-71); 59% female, 92% White, 80% Hispanic, 7% African-American, 1% Other, 76% overweight, 40% obese, 26% comorbidities, mean baseline 25D of 37+-1 (SE) ng/mL. ERC increased mean 25D to 82+-ng/mL (p<0.001) by Day 7; 88% of subjects attained a level >=50 ng/mL; the placebo group trended lower. Resolution time for five aggregated symptoms was unchanged by ERC given that two composite non-respiratory symptoms responded poorly. Prespecified analyses showed that respiratory symptoms tended to resolve earlier when serum 25D levels reached >=50 ng/mL, but statistical significance was limited by small sample size and non-compliance: 25D increased in seven placebo subjects (unauthorized supplementation) and none occurred in five ERC subjects (failure to dose). A post-hoc composite of three respiratory symptoms (trouble breathing, chest congestion and dry or hacking cough) resolved 3.0 days faster when 25D was elevated at Days 7 and 14 (p<0.05); chest congestion resolved 4.0 days faster with 25D increases of >=25 ng/mL (p<0.05). Safety concerns including hypercalcemia were absent with ERC treatment. Conclusions and Relevance: ERC was effective in increasing serum 25D in outpatients with COVID-19, which may have accelerated resolution of respiratory symptoms suggesting mitigation of COVID-19 pneumonia risk, findings which warrant further study. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04551911

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Vitamin D’s Role in Reducing Risk of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Incidence, Severity, and Death

Abstract: The article by D’Avolio and colleagues [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Vitamin D Status and Parkinson’s Disease

Results From the REsCue Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Extended-Release Calcifediol in Symptomatic Outpatients with COVID-19

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