Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship to Body Fat, Final Height, and Peak Bone Mass in Young Women

Kremer, Richard; Campbell, Patricia P.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Gilsanz, D. Vicente

doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1575

Cited by 197 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A number of studies have reported a negative association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and body fat (Alemzadeh et al, 2008;McKinney et al, 2008;Kremer et al, 2009), perhaps due to the sequestration of the vitamin by the fat (Liel et al, 1988). Several studies performed on adults have reported a negative relationship between BMI and serum levels of vitamin D (Need et al, 2005;Konradsen et al, 2008;Kremer et al, 2009;Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al, 2009), and the same has been reported for children and adolescents (Alemzadeh et al, 2008;Bener et al, 2008a, b). In a group of 127 children and adolescents, Alemzadeh et al (2008) observed that those with serum 25(OH)D concentrations of o75 nmol/l had a greater BMI than those with higher concentrations (38.2±8.9 vs 33.9±6.0 kg/m 2 ; Po0.02).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: To analyze the association between different anthropometric variables and vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Subjects/Methods: Study subjects were 102 children aged 9-13 years. Records were made of their height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip measurements (to determine the quantity of visceral or abdominal fat), and the thickness of the tricipital and bicipital skinfold (to determine the quantity of subcutaneous fat). Diets were analyzed using a 3-day weighed food record and vitamin D intakes compared with those recommended. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent assay. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 49.6 ± 15.9 nmol/l. The mean serum 25(OH)D in the ID subjects (that is, those with insufficient vitamin D levels, 25(OH)D of o70 nmol/l) was 46.6 ± 13.4 nmol/l and in the AD subjects (that is, those with adequate vitamin D levels, 25(OH)D of X70 nmol/l) was 77.5 ± 8.4 nmol/l (Po0.001). No significant difference was observed between both groups in vitamin D intake. However, the ID subjects had higher body weight, BMI, waist measurement and waist/height ratio than the AD subjects. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, only weight and BMI were found to independently influence 25(OH)D values. Children with a body weight, BMI, bicipital skinfold thickness, waist measurement and waist/height ratio above the 50th percentile for each variable were at a greater risk of having a low serum 25(OH)D concentration (o70 nmol/l). Conclusions: BMI and abdominal obesity influence the appearance of vitamin D insufficiency in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

et al. 2010

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“…(9)(10) But the consequences of low 25(OH)D levels are less clear on trabecular bone sites, such as hip, upper femur, and lumbar spine. (8,9,12,13) At the lumbar spine, one longitudinal observational study (13) and two randomized, placebo-controlled studies (42,43) suggest that low 25(OH)D levels may impair bone mass acquisition during the early phase of puberty, but not in girls with more advanced sexual maturation. In contrast, numerous reports have shown the negative impact of low intake of calcium/dairy products on girls' trabecular bone after menarche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) But data on a possible impact of low vitamin D status are less convincing. (7,8) Indeed, associations between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, below 25 to 30 nmol/L (9) or 40 to 45 nmol/L, (10,11) and impaired bone mineralization have been observed at appendicular sites (ie, tibia and forearm) in girls during growth but not at trabecular bone sites (eg, hip, femoral neck, or lumbar spine) (9,12,13) or only during the early phase of puberty in severely vitamin D-deficient girls with 25(OH)D levels below 20 nmol/L. (13) Serum 25(OH)D levels are considered the best marker of vitamin D status and have been used commonly to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in healthy children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) But the lower threshold of optimal vitamin D status for bone health and calcium homeostasis during growth is still under discussion, with cutoff values proposed from 25 to 30 to 70 to 90 nmol/L in children, (9,10,23,36) as in adults. (12) Differences in the 25(OH)D assays used might explain some discrepancies, especially because results have not been validated systematically using external control assessment schemes. (37,38) Also, proposals of 25(OH)D cutoffs for adequate and insufficient vitamin D status during growth have not sufficiently taken into consideration possible interplays with calcium intake, which is crucial for bone mass accrual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse interaction of low-calcium diet and low 25(OH)D levels on lumbar spine mineralization in late-pubertal girls

Esterle

Nguyen

Walrant-Debray

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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No consensus has been reached on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels required to ensure optimal bone health around menarche. We searched for a possible interaction of 25(OH)D levels and calcium intake on lumbar spine mineralization and on biologic features of bone metabolism in healthy late-pubertal girls. Lumbar spine parameters (ie, area, mineral content, and density) and calcium intake were evaluated in 211 healthy white adolescent girls at pubertal stages IV-V (11 to 16.9 years), together with biologic markers of calcium and bone metabolism and with International External Quality Assessment Scheme for Vitamin D Metabolite (DEQAS)-validated serum 25(OH)D levels. A high prevalence of 25(OH)D levels 30 nmol/L (41%), 40 nmol/L (61%), and 50 nmol/L (70%) was found during winter-spring. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were inversely associated with 25(OH)D levels ( p ¼ .0021). In contrast, lumbar spine mineral content and density were not associated with 25(OH)D, excepted when calcium intake was below 600 mg/day ( p ¼ .0081). Girls with such low calcium intake and 25(OH)D levels of 40 nmol/L or less (9% of the cohort) had a 0.4 to 0.7 SD lower mean areal bone mineral density Z-score than girls with higher calcium intake and/or higher 25(OH)D status. The adverse association between lumbar spine mineralization and combined calcium deficiency-low 25(OH)D levels remained significant in the 91 girls who could be followed over 4 years after their initial evaluation. We conclude that low 25(OH)D levels ( 40 nmol/L) are observed frequently during winterspring in late-pubertal European girls, which may exacerbate the negative impact of calcium deficiency on lumbar spine mineralization. ß

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“…Ala-Houhala et al suggested that vitamin D supplementation did not have a beneficial effect on distal radius BMC [58], whereas Khadilkar et al demonstrated that supplementation could have a positive effect on lumbar spine BMC and BMD, but only in girls who were B2 years following menarche. Two other studies failed to show an influence of low vitamin D status on total body, hip, upper femur, and lumbar bone mineral density and/or content in 10-12-year-old Finnish girls [11] and in 16-22-year-old Californian girls [59]. There is currently no expert consensus on this issue, and the report of Cranney et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Swiss teenagers with appendicular fractures: A prospective study of 100 cases

Ceroni

Llana

Martin

et al. 2012

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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Background The significance of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of fractures in children and adolescents currently remains unclear.Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) values in a collective of Swiss Caucasian children with a first episode of appendicular fracture. Design and methods One hundred teenagers with a first episode of appendicular fracture [50 upper limb fractures (group 1) and 50 lower limb fractures (group 2)] and 50 healthy controls (group 3) were recruited into a crosssectional study. The BMC and BMD values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.Results From the 100 injured teenagers in the study, 12 % had deficient vitamin D levels (\20 ng/mL; \50 nmol/L) and 36 % had insufficient levels (C20 \30 ng/mL; C50 \78 nmol/L), whereas 6 and 34 % of healthy controls were, respectively, vitamin D deficient and insufficient. There were no significant differences for serum 25(OH)D levels, L2-L4 BMD Z-score, and L2-L4 BMC Z-score variables (p = 0.216) between the three groups nor for the calcaneal BMD Z-score variables (p = 0.278) between healthy controls and lower limb fracture victims. Investigations on the influences of serum 25(OH)D on BMD and BMC showed no correlation between serum 25(OH)D and L2-L4 BMD Z-scores (r = -0.15; p = 0.135), whereas low but significant inverse correlations were, surprisingly, detected between serum 25(OH)D and calcaneal BMD Z-scores (r = -0.21; p = 0.034) and between serum 25(OH)D and L2-L4 BMC Z-scores (r = -0.22; p = 0.029). Conclusions A significant proportion of Swiss Caucasian teenagers were vitamin D insufficient, independent of limb fracture status, in our study. However, this study failed to show an influence of low vitamin D status on BMD and/or BMC of the lumbar spine and heel.

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Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship to Body Fat, Final Height, and Peak Bone Mass in Young Women

Abstract: We found that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased BF and decreased height but not changes in peak bone mass.

Cited by 197 publications

References 44 publications

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

Adverse interaction of low-calcium diet and low 25(OH)D levels on lumbar spine mineralization in late-pubertal girls

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Swiss teenagers with appendicular fractures: A prospective study of 100 cases

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