Vitamin D Status Determines Cardiometabolic Effects of Cabergoline in Women with Elevated Prolactin Levels: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Both hyperprolactinemia and vitamin D deficiency appear to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D status influences the cardiometabolic effects of cabergoline. The study included three matched groups of women with mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia: vitamin D-naive subjects with vitamin D insufficiency (group A), women with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency successfully treated with vitamin D (group B), and vitamin D-naive individuals with normal vitamin D status (group C). Plasma prolactin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, estradiol, glucose homeostasis markers, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and uric acid, as well as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), were measured at study entry and after four months of cabergoline treatment. Although cabergoline reduced prolactin levels and increased estradiol levels in all study groups, the effect on prolactin was more pronounced in groups B and C compared to group A. In groups B and C, the drug enhanced glucose homeostasis, increased HDL-cholesterol, and decreased triglycerides, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, and UACR. In group A, only insulin resistance, hsCRP, and homocysteine were reduced by cabergoline. The effects on insulin sensitivity, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, and UACR were proportional to the decrease in prolactin and baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The obtained results suggest that vitamin D status determines cabergoline’s cardiometabolic effects.

Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

“…Group 2 enrolled male offspring of women with vitamin D insufficiency, defined as circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations between 50 and 75 nmol/L (20 and 30 ng/mL). In turn, group 3 (the reference group) included sons of women with a normal vitamin D status, which was diagnosed if plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ranged between 75 and 150 nmol/L (30 and 60 ng/mL) [29]. The study only included the offspring of women in whom at least two measurements in two different trimesters of the same pregnancy provided consistent results.…”