Vitamin D status in very low birth weight infants and response to vitamin D intake during their NICU stays: a prospective cohort study

Adnan, Mohammad; Wu, Shou-Yien; Khilfeh, Manhal; Davis, Vanessa

doi:10.1038/s41372-021-01238-9

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Inconsistent with previous studies [42,43] , we found that the very preterm infants were not at higher risk for vitamin D de ciency. We also found the umbilical cord serum 25(OH)D level in infants was inversely correlated with gestational age at birth, and the very preterm infants had higher serum 25(OH)D level compared with full-term infants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Vitamin D-Related risk factors for preterm and full-term infants at birth: A retrospective study in Wuxi, China

Xiao,

Wu,

Zou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background/Objectives: Vitamin D is thought to play a role in early immune development of infants. However, national data on vitamin D status in newborns is limited in China. We aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status in preterm and full-term neonates and its influencing factors in Wuxi, southeastern China. Subjects/Methods: 813 infants born were recruited in this study from May 2020 to May 2022, including 167 very preterm (< 32+ 0 weeks), 454 preterm (32+ 0-36+ 6 weeks) and 192 full-term (≥ 37+ 0 weeks) newborns. The umbilical cord serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured. Results The median level of serum 25(OH)D was 35.9 nmol/L, and 82.7% of them were vitamin D deficient. The serum 25(OH)D level was lower in full-term infants compared with preterm and very preterm infants at birth, while there was no significant difference (preterm, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.484, 1.657, p = 0.725; very preterm, 95% CI, 0.434, 2.061, p = 0.946) in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among them. It was found that vitamin D deficiency in newborns was significantly associated with season of birth (Spring, 95% CI, 0.128,0.541, p < 0.001; Summer, 95% CI, 0.101, 0.491, p < 0.001; Autumn, 95% CI, 0.106, 0.465, p < 0.001) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (< 25 kg/m2, 95% CI, 0.150, 0.514, p < 0.001; 25–30 kg/m2, 95% CI, 0.277, 0.916, p = 0.025) after controlling for maternal age, birth weight and gestational age. Conclusions: More attentions should be focused on the nutritional vitamin D status of infants born in winter. Infants born to women who are obese before pregnancy are likely to have greater odds of vitamin D deficiency at birth which requires urgent attentions. Adequate daily vitamin D supplementation for newborns is recommended and warranted immediately after birth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Vitamin D-Related risk factors for preterm and full-term infants at birth: A retrospective study in Wuxi, China

Xiao,

Wu,

Zou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…There is insufficient data in the current literature comparing the effects of HMDF and BMDF in terms of serum vitamin D levels, but it has been widely reported that VLBW infants are at an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency ( 8 , 12 ). Adnan et al ( 12 ) reported vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in over 50% of the VLBW infants in their study and found that fortification with BMDF and supplementation with 200–400 IU of vitamin D was sufficient to correct for these conditions by 2–3 weeks of age and to maintain sufficient levels thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk-derived versus bovine milk-derived fortifier use in very low birth weight infants: growth and vitamin D status

Lavassani,

Tauber,

Cerone

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundHuman milk-derived fortifier (HMDF) coupled with human milk feeding in extremely premature infants reduces the adverse outcome risks of early exposure to bovine milk ingredients but may not provide enough nutrients for adequate catch-up growth compared with bovine milk-derived fortifier (BMDF).ObjectiveThis study aims to compare HMDF and BMDF effects on growth parameters and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the first 8 weeks of life.MethodsWe present a retrospective chart review of inpatient VLBW infants with birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <32 completed weeks who received either their mother’s milk or donor breast human milk fortified with HMDF or BMDF for the first 8 weeks. Weight, head circumference, length gain, and 25OHD level were calculated at 4 and 8 weeks of age.ResultsA total of 139 VLBW infants (91 HMDF + 48 BMDF) received fortified human milk without any supplemental premature formula from birth to 4 weeks of age, of whom 44 (37 HMDF + 7 BMDF) continued until 8 weeks of age. There was no statistically significant difference in the growth parameters between the two groups at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Serum 25OHD level in the HMDF group was significantly higher compared with that in the BMDF group at 4 weeks of age despite receiving lower vitamin D supplementation.ConclusionSimilar gain in growth parameters in HMDF and BMDF groups at 4 and 8 weeks of age was observed, suggesting that HMDF provides adequate nutrients for growth in VLBW infants. A higher 25OHD level in HMDF may suggest better absorption.

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“…These span a broad range of interventions, from vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to oral bacterial lysates in infants to help maintain a healthy microbiome. As Vitamin D is primarily transferred during the third trimester, preterm infants often have deficient levels of vitamin D at birth 82 . The Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) supplemented women with a history of atopy or a partner with atopy with 4000 IU of vitamin D daily during pregnancy.…”

Section: Current Preventative Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the increased susceptibility to asthma development in preterm infants

Anderson

Wurzel

et al. 2023

Allergy

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Preterm birth is associated with aberrant pulmonary development and increased susceptibility to a range of chronic lung diseases. Even in healthy preterms, the prevalence of physician‐diagnosed asthma is far higher than in infants born at term. While physiological, environmental, and genetic factors have been studied extensively, few studies have investigated the immunological factors underpinning this increased susceptibility. Lower rates of atopy and allergic sensitization in preterm compared to term infants suggests non‐allergic mechanisms may be driving asthma development in preterms. Preterm infants are more likely to develop severe RSV and HRV disease and have altered microbiomes compared to term infants. Therefore, investigating the differences in immunological interactions (e.g., response to viral infections, microbiome) between children born preterm and term will aid in understanding the immunological basis for their increased susceptibility to asthma development. This is critical to inform the development of interventions to reduce the burden of asthma in this highly vulnerable demographic.

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Vitamin D status in very low birth weight infants and response to vitamin D intake during their NICU stays: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Vitamin D-Related risk factors for preterm and full-term infants at birth: A retrospective study in Wuxi, China

Vitamin D-Related risk factors for preterm and full-term infants at birth: A retrospective study in Wuxi, China

Human milk-derived versus bovine milk-derived fortifier use in very low birth weight infants: growth and vitamin D status

Understanding the increased susceptibility to asthma development in preterm infants

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