Vitamin D Status is Linked to Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endothelial Activation in Obese Children

Codoñer‐Franch, Pilar; Tavárez-Alonso, Sandra; Simó-Jordá, Raquel; Laporta-Martín, Paz; Carratalá-Calvo, Arturo; Alonso‐Iglesias, Eulalia

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.046

Cited by 120 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In a study conducted with obese children, insufficient vitamin D concentrations < 20 ng/mL) were found in 5% of eutrophic children in the control group and in 30% of those who were obese (33). In another recent study, it was observed that the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with increased adiposity in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Factors in Adolescent Students of a Capital of Northeastern Brazil

Araújo¹,

Queiroz²,

Neves³

et al. 2017

Nutr Hosp

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Key words:Vitamin D. Teen health. School health. Palabras clave:Vitamina D. Salud adolescente. Salud escolar. ResumenIntroducción: la hipovitaminosis D es un problema frecuente en el mundo y puede verse influenciada por varios factores. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D y factores asociados en adolescentes de una ciudad capital del noreste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico transversal que evaluó a 220 adolescentes de ambos sexos de 15 a 19 años de edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar los datos sociodemográficos y de comportamiento. El estado nutricional antropométrico fue evaluado por IMC para la edad. Las concentraciones séricas de 25 (OH) D, PTH y calcio en suero se midieron mediante muestras de sangre. Se identificaron individuos con hipovitaminosis D como aquellos con 25 (OH) D < 30 ng/dl. El análisis de factores asociados con la hipovitaminosis D se realizó mediante Regresión de Poisson simple y multivariante. Resultados: la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D fue del 57,3%. La población femenina tenía una prevalencia significativamente mayor que la masculina. En el modelo ajustado final, la variable independientemente asociada con la hipovitaminosis D en las mujeres fue la más baja de las concentraciones séricas de calcio, y para los hombres fue el IMC, en el que los adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad tenían 2,4 veces más probabilidades de tener hipovitaminosis que los eutróficos. Conclusiones: el presente estudio encontró una alta prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en la población analizada, especialmente en adolescentes. Además, se encontró que los factores asociados de forma independiente con la hipovitaminosis D fueron el sobrepeso/obesidad en los niños y concentraciones bajas de calcio en las niñas. AbstractBackground: Hypovitaminosis D is a frequent problem in the world and can be influenced by several factors. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in adolescent students of a capital city of northeastern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study assessing 220 school adolescents of both sexes aged 15 to 19 years. A questionnaire was applied to assess sociodemographic (skin color, mother's education and receiving social benefits) and behavioral data (number of hours of sleep per day, sun exposure, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake). Anthropometric nutritional status was assessed by BMI (body mass index) for age. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations, PTH and serum calcium were measured by blood samples. We identified individuals with hypovitaminosis D as those with 25 (OH) D < 30 ng/dL. The analysis of factors associated with hypovitaminosis D was performed by simple and multivariate Poisson Regression. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 57.3%. The female population had a significantly higher prevalence than the male. In the final adjusted model, the variable independently associated with hypovitaminosis D in females was the lowest serum calcium concentrations, and for males it was BMI, in whic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Factors in Adolescent Students of a Capital of Northeastern Brazil

Araújo¹,

Queiroz²,

Neves³

et al. 2017

Nutr Hosp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vitamin D protects against oxidative stress, limits the proliferation of myofibroblasts, stimulates Tregs, reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulates activation of immune effector cells [310][311][312][313]. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D have been reported in diverse chronic liver diseases [314][315][316][317][318], including autoimmune hepatitis [319,320], and this deficiency has been associated with disease severity and hepatic fibrosis.…”

Section: Insights Into the Cytopathic Mechanisms Of Autoimmune Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning from Idiopathic to Explainable Autoimmune Hepatitis

Czaja

2015

Dig Dis Sci

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Autoimmune hepatitis lacks an identifiable cause, and its diagnosis requires the exclusion of etiologically defined diseases that resemble it. Insights into its pathogenesis are moving autoimmune hepatitis from an idiopathic to explainable disease, and the goal of this review is to describe the insights that are hastening this transition. Two types of autoimmune hepatitis are justified by serological markers, but they also have distinctive genetic associations (DRB1 and DQB1 genes) and autoantigens. DRB1 alleles are the principal susceptibility factors in white adults, and a six amino acid sequence encoded in the antigen-binding groove of class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex can influence the selection of autoantigens. Polymorphisms, including variants of SH2B3 and CARD10 genes, may affect immune reactivity and disease severity. The cytochrome mono-oxygenase, CYP2D6, is the autoantigen associated with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, and it shares homologies with multiple viruses that might promote self-intolerance by molecular mimicry. Chemokines, especially CXCL9 and CXCL10, orchestrate the migration of effector cells to sites of injury and are associated with disease severity. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses promote tissue damage, and possible deficiencies in the number and function of regulatory T cells may facilitate the injurious process. Receptor-mediated apoptosis is the principal mechanism of hepatocyte loss, and cell-mediated and antibody-dependent mechanisms of cytotoxicity also contribute. Insights that explain autoimmune hepatitis will allow triggering exogenous antigens to be characterized, risk management to be improved, prognostic indices to be refined, and site-specific therapeutic interventions to emerge.

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“…Vitamin D level lower than 30 ng/mL has also been associated with reduced velocity of coronary blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and subclinical atherosclerosis [20]. Vitamin D level lower than 20 ng/mL was detected in obese children with increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, markers of inflammation, and endothelial activation [21]. Similar studies have indicated that perhaps vitamin D deficiency contributes to oxidative imbalance by inducing inflammatory processes [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ischemia modified albumin levels in vitamin D deficiency

Arslan¹

2017

Int J Med Biochem

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Research ArticleIschemia-modified albumin level in vitamin D deficiency V itamin D is a lipid-soluble vitamin, and its main function is to facilitate calcium absorption from the intestines. Through acting on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, vitamin D also regulates bone metabolism [1,2]. Following dietary intake or its synthesis in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, vitamin D is transported to the liver. The first hydroxylation step occurs in the liver at the carbon atom 25 position, forming 25(OH)D. This is the main circulating metabolite of vitamin D, and its serum concentration is regarded as an indicator of the vitamin D status of the body [3].Although the main function of vitamin D is the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and balancing bone metabolism, recent studies have suggested that vitamin D has other previously unknown roles as well. Among these new roles, providing beneficial effects to cardiovascular functions through acting on the vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardium, and endothelium is quite significant [2]. A reduced level of vitamin D is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality [4]. Furthermore, vitamin D plays a key role in the prevention of some cancer types, including colon, prostate, and lung cancer; autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and Crohn's disease; metabolic syndrome; and infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis [5,6].The association between vitamin D and extra-skeletal patholo-

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Vitamin D Status is Linked to Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endothelial Activation in Obese Children

Cited by 120 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Factors in Adolescent Students of a Capital of Northeastern Brazil

Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Factors in Adolescent Students of a Capital of Northeastern Brazil

Transitioning from Idiopathic to Explainable Autoimmune Hepatitis

Ischemia modified albumin levels in vitamin D deficiency

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