Vitamin D Sufficiency Reduced Risk for Morbidity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Maghbooli, Zhila; Ebrahimi, Mehdi; Shirvani, Arash; Nasiri, Mehrad; Pazoki, Marzieh; Kafan, Samira; Tabriz, Hedieh Moradi; Hadadi, Azar; Montazeri, Mahnaz; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Holick, Michael F.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3616008

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Our synthesis indicated that being vitamin D deficient was at higher risk of COVID-19 infection as compared to vitamin D sufficient. This review has shown that when there is lower serum 25(OH) D level, the risk or susceptibility to COVID-19 increases (27,29). In a study conducted in England among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, VDD was associated with greater disease severity.…”

Section: Results Of Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study from Belgium revealed that VDD is a prevalent risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection (23). Maghbooli et al indicated that 25(OH)D levels of ≥30 ng/mL were associated with a significant decrease in the severity of clinical outcomes related to a COVID-19 infection (29). A population-based study from Israeli also reported that low plasma 25(OH)D level appears to be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and hospitalization (22).…”

Section: Results Of Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size of the studies ranged from 134 to 79,381. The studies were conducted in Europe (14,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), America (26,27), and Asia (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Moreover, the studies were cohort studies (14,22,25,27,30), case-control studies (20,21,26,31,32), cross-sectional studies (23,28,29) and interim audit (24) (see Table 1).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Teshome

Adane

Girma

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

112

101

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory and systemic disorder caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel Coronavirus (nCoV). To date, there is no proven curative treatment for this virus; as a result, prevention remains to be the best strategy to combat coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been proposed to play a role in coronavirus infection (COVID-19). However, there is no conclusive evidence on its impact on COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between Vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 infection.Methods: A systematic literature search of databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane/Wiley library, Scopus, and SciELO) were conducted from May 15, 2020, to December 20, 2020. Studies that assessed the effect of vitamin D level on COVID-19/SARS-2 infection were considered for the review. The qualities of the included studies were evaluated using the JBI tools. Meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted and odds ratio with their 95%CI were reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis are reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline.Results: The electronic and supplementary searches for this review yielded 318 records from which, only 14 of them met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis indicated that vitamin D deficient individuals were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection as compared to vitamin D sufficient patients. The pooled analysis showed that individuals with Vitamin-D deficiency were 80% more likely to acquire COVID-19 infection as compared to those who have sufficient Vitamin D levels (OR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.72, 1.88). Begg's test also revealed that there was no significant publication bias between the studies (P = 0.764). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection was relatively higher in the case-control study design (OR = 1.81).Conclusions: In conclusion, low serum 25 (OH) Vitamin-D level was significantly associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The limited currently available data suggest that sufficient Vitamin D level in serum is associated with a significantly decreased risk of COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Results Of Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results Of Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Teshome

Adane

Girma

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

112

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It also stimulates antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and human cathelicidin 32,33,36,37 with antiviral properties. Recent studies related to COVID-19 also indicate that vitamin D deficiency might be a risk factor not only for incidence 2,3 , but also for severity 4 5 and mortality [6][7][8] associated with COVID-19.…”

Section: Radiation and Covid-19 Deaths In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent observational and clinical studies show that vitamin D deficiency might be linked to incidence 2,3 , severity 4 5 and mortality [6][7][8] associated with COVID-19. Recent studies show that vitamin D and its primary source Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) may play a protective role in mitigating COVID-19 deaths 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Monsoon Season & UVB Radiation for COVID-19 in India Manuscript

Moozhipurath

Kraft

2020

Preprint

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Background: India has recorded 66,333 deaths over 36 administrative regions placing India third in the world after the US and Brazil for COVID-19 deaths as of 2 September 2020. Studies indicate that south-west monsoon season plays a role in the dynamics of contagious diseases, which tend to peak post-monsoon season. Recent studies show that vitamin D and its primary source Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) may play a protective role in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. However, the combined roles of the monsoon season and UVB in COVID-19 in India are still unclear. In this observational study, we empirically study the respective roles of monsoon season and UVB, whilst further exploring, whether monsoon season negatively impacts the protective role of UVB in COVID-19 deaths in India. Methods: We use a log-linear Mundlak model to a panel dataset of 36 administrative regions in India from 14 March 2020 - 8 August 2020 (n=4005). We use the cumulative COVID-19 deaths as the dependent variable. We isolate the association of monsoon season and UVB as measured by Ultraviolet Index (UVI) from other confounding time-constant and time-varying region-specific factors. Findings: After controlling for various confounding factors, we observe that the monsoon season and a unit increase in UVI are separately associated with 12.8 percentage points and 2.0 percentage points decline in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths in the long run. These associations translate into substantial relative changes. For example, the current monsoon season, that has been going on for two weeks, is associated with a reduction in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths of 59%, whereas a permanent unit increase of UVI is associated with a reduction in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths of 37%. However, the current monsoon season, also reduces the protective role of UVI by 16.3% [0.33 percentage points], plausibly due to lower UVB exposure. Interpretation: We find independent protective roles of both the monsoon season and UVI in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. Furthermore, we find evidence that monsoon season is associated with a significant reduction in the protective role of UVI. The protective role of monsoon season is plausibly due to limited outdoor activities of people. Our study outlines the role of the monsoon season and UVB in COVID-19 in India and supports health-related policy decision making in India.

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The COVID‐19 Menace

Walczak

Janowski

2021

Global Challenges

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which binds to ectoenzyme angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2. It is very contagious and is spreading rapidly around the world. Until now, coronaviruses have mainly been associated with the aerodigestive tract due to the presence of a monobasic cleavage site for the resident transmembrane serine protease 2. Notably, SARS‐CoV‐2 is equipped with a second, polybasic cleavage site for the ubiquitous furin protease, which may determine the widespread tissue tropism. Furthermore, the terminal sequence of the furin‐cleaved spike protein also binds to neuropilin receptors. Clinically, there is enormous variability in the severity of the disease. Severe consequences are seen in a relatively small number of patients, most show moderate symptoms, but asymptomatic cases, especially among young people, drive disease spread. Unfortunately, the number of local infections can quickly build up, causing disease outbreaks suddenly exhausting health services’ capacity. Therefore, COVID‐19 is dangerous and unpredictable and has become the most serious threat for generations. Here, the latest research on COVID‐19 is summarized, including its spread, testing methods, organ‐specific complications, the role of comorbidities, long‐term consequences, mortality, as well as a new hope for immunity, drugs, and vaccines.

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Vitamin D Sufficiency Reduced Risk for Morbidity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Implications of Monsoon Season & UVB Radiation for COVID-19 in India Manuscript

The COVID‐19 Menace

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