Vitamin D supplementation and lipid profile: What does the best available evidence show?

Challoumas, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.024

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…6,38 En general, el tema de la vitamina D y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como los lípidos, es una historia de resultados alentadores provenientes de estudios de observación y de resultados desalentadores provenientes de EAC. 6,38 Nuestros resultados pueden sugerir que la asociación entre un estado deficiente de vitamina D y perfiles lipídicos adversos en estudios epidemiológicos es el resultado de factores de confusión, como por ejemplo, obesidad, actividad física reducida, inflamación o malos hábitos dietarios en personas con deficiencia de vitamina D.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En este contexto, también debería notarse que, aunque en la mayoría de los EAC no se observaron efectos sobre el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad, algunos estudios indicaron un aumento de este después del aporte complementario de vitamina D, lo que además indica la necesidad de realizar estudios que aborden el tema de la vitamina D y los lípidos. 38 Además, se efectuaron múltiples pruebas en cuanto a los criterios de valoración secundarios, aumentando así la probabilidad de errores estadísticos de tipo I. No obstante, no se realizó corrección para varias pruebas debido a que todos los criterios de valoración se basan en un fundamento científicamente sólido derivado de datos de estudios moleculares, de observación o intervención.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6,38 In general, the topic of vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipids, is a story of promising results from observational studies and discouraging results from RCTs. 6,38 Our results may suggest that the association between a poor vitamin D status and adverse lipid profiles in epidemiological studies is the result of confounding by, for example, obesity, low physical activity, inflammation, or poor dietary habits in vitamin D-deficient individuals.1,38 Considering that several previous RCTs did not observe an increase of triglycerides with vitamin D supplementation, we hypothesize that our finding of an increase in triglycerides could simply be a chance finding and is not necessarily reflecting a true effect. Nevertheless, our results require further validation from additional studies that are designed to evaluate whether vitamin D could have adverse effects on lipid profiles.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it should also be noted that, although most RCTs observed no effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, some studies showed an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after vitamin D supplementation, which further points toward the need for studies addressing the issue of vitamin D and lipids. 38 Apart from this, multiple tests for secondary outcomes were performed, thereby increasing the probability of statistical type 1 errors. Correction for multiple testing was, however, not performed because all end points are based on a scientifically sound rationale derived from data of molecular, observational or interventional studies.…”

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Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

et al. 2015

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A part from skeletal diseases, vitamin D deficiency is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are a significant causal risk factor or are simply related to adverse outcomes because of reverse causation and confounding factors, such as obesity, reduced mobility with low sunlight exposure, poor nutrition, or inflammation. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Because high blood pressure (BP) has emerged as the leading risk factor for the global disease burden, it is important to evaluate whether vitamin D has a beneficial effect on lowering BP to clarify the potential role of vitamin D for public health. 7 Large observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that low 25(OH)D concentrations are a significant risk marker for arterial hypertension. 8,9 Molecular effects of vitamin D receptor activation, such as suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), nephroprotective actions, or improvements in endothelial/vascular function, suggest Abstract-Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for arterial hypertension, but randomized controlled trials showed mixed effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation affects 24-hour systolic ambulatory BP monitoring values and cardiovascular risk factors. The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial is a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from June 2011 to August 2014 at the endocrine outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We enrolled 200 study participants with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL. Study participants were randomized to receive either 2800 IU of vitamin D3 per day as oily drops (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measure was 24-hour systolic BP. Secondary outcome measures were 24-hour diastolic BP, N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, QTc interval, renin, aldosterone, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and pulse wave velocity. Methods Study DesignThe Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial was sponsored by the Medical University of Graz, Austria, and is a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. The publication of this trial adheres to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement. 29 The trial was initially registered at http://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu (EudraCT number, 2009-018125-70) and was additionally registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02136771). ParticipantsEligible study participants were adults aged ≥18 years with arterial hypertension and a 25(OH)D serum concentration below 30 ng/mL (multiply by 2.496 to convert ng/mL to nmol/L). Arterial hypertension was classified in patients with an office BP of systol...

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Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

et al. 2015

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Association of the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) Polymorphisms With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Patients

Karam,

Yari,

Najmadini

et al. 2024

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a devastating illness and a leading cause of death worldwide, primarily caused by atherosclerosis resulting from a genetic‐environmental interaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) polymorphisms, lipid profile parameters, and CAD risk in a southeast Iranian population.MethodsA total of 400 subjects (200 CAD patients with hyperlipidemia and 200 healthy controls) were enrolled in this case–control study. Five selected polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) technique.ResultsFor all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the population under study was in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The T‐risk allele frequency of rs2228570 was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The TT and CT genotypes of rs2228570 had also been associated with the risk of CAD. Additionally, the TT genotype was associated with higher serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels. The GG genotype of the rs3736234 was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the AA genotype of the rs708272 was associated with higher HDL‐c levels. Based on these findings, we propose that the VDR (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with serum HDL‐c and LDL‐c levels and may serve as potential risk factors for CAD within the Iranian population. Moreover, rs3736234 and rs708272 influence the concentrations of TG and HDL‐c, respectively.ConclusionThese findings provided insights into the complex interplay between genetic variations, cardiovascular risk, and lipid metabolism.

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Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors

Skaaby

Thuesen

Linneberg

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Observational studies have suggested a possible protective role of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. The available evidence does not support either cardiovascular benefits or harms of vitamin D supplementation. This chapter provides an overview and discussion of the current knowledge of vitamin D effects from a cardiovascular health perspective. It focuses on vitamin D in relation to cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischemic heart disease, and stroke; the traditional cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, obesity; and the emerging risk factors hyperparathyroidism, microalbuminuria, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meta-analyses of observational studies have largely found vitamin D levels to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk and disease. However, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have not been able to consistently replicate the observational findings. Several RCTs are ongoing, and the results from these are needed to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency is a causal and reversible factor to prevent cardiovascular disease.

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Vitamin D supplementation and lipid profile: What does the best available evidence show?

Cited by 75 publications

References 62 publications

Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Association of the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) Polymorphisms With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Patients

Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors

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