Vitamin D supplementation does not improve human skeletal muscle contractile properties in insufficient young males

Owens, Daniel J.; Webber, Daniel; Impey, Samuel G.; Tang, Jonathan; Donovan, T.; Fraser, William D.; Morton, James P.; Close, Graeme L.

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2865-2

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Vitamin D 3 supplement and antimicrobial proteins 5 group from November to February, probably reflecting seasonal changes and time from last effective ultraviolet exposure. Several other studies that assessed the plasma 25 (OH)D concentrations of UK-based athletes have shown that there was no change or a significant decrease in the plasma 25(OH)D levels during the winter training period in athletes without vitamin D supplementation (Close et al, 2013;He et al, 2013;Owens et al, 2014). This is most likely due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation of appropriate wavelength (290-315 nm) between November and March in the UK to produce vitamin D in the skin (Webb & Holick, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Total 25(OH)D (the sum of the 25-hydroxy metabolites of D 2 and D 3 ) in EDTA plasma was determined after a maximum of eight months in storage (with no previous freeze-thaw cycles) using a high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (Waters Acuity, Manchester, UK) as described by Owens et al (2014) and recommended by Fraser and Milan (2013) and Wallace, Gibson, De La Hunty, Lamberg-Allardt, and Ashwell (2010). Measurements were performed in a laboratory meeting the performance target set by the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme Advisory Panel for 25(OH)D assays.…”

Section: Plasma Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

Fraser

Tang

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Heavy training is associated with increased respiratory infection risk and antimicrobial proteins are important in defence against oral and respiratory tract infections. We examined the effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D 3 supplementation (5000 IU/ day) on the resting plasma cathelicidin concentration and the salivary secretion rates of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cathelicidin, lactoferrin and lysozyme in athletes during a winter training period. Blood and saliva were obtained at the start of the study from 39 healthy men who were randomly allocated to vitamin D 3 supplement or placebo. Blood samples were also collected at the end of the study; saliva samples were collected after 7 and 14 weeks. Plasma total 25(OH)D concentration increased by 130% in the vitamin D 3 group and decreased by 43% in the placebo group (both P = 0.001). The percentage change of plasma cathelicidin concentration in the vitamin D 3 group was higher than in the placebo group (P = 0.025). Only in the vitamin D 3 group, the saliva SIgA and cathelicidin secretion rates increased over time (both P = 0.03). A daily 5000 IU vitamin D 3 supplement has a beneficial effect in up-regulating the expression of SIgA and cathelicidin in athletes during a winter training period, which could improve resistance to respiratory infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Plasma Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

Fraser

Tang

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…They suggest that the muscular performance benefits may be relevant only for individuals with vitamin D deficiency. However, a recent study using insufficient young males failed to report improvements to performance via vitamin D treatment [201]. The authors observed that despite the elevation in vitamin D levels (>120 nmol/L), no effect was observed in performance parameters (muscle strength evaluated by isokinetic dynamometry and percutaneous isometric electromyostimulation).…”

Section: Vitamin Supplementation In Non-athletesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

Koundourakis¹,

Margioris²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet radiation, producing cholecalciferol, while only a small percentage of the circulating vitamin D is of exogenous origin deriving from food. Following two sequential hydroxylations, in the liver and in the kidneys, vitamin D is fully activated. Although its role in bone physiology and calcium homeostasis is well documented, there is emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts a plethora of additional effects on most tissues regulating the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems as well as energy homeostasis. Its deficiency/insufficiency poses a major public health problem observed in all age groups and regardless of latitude and insolation. In muscles, vitamin D deficiency is associated with a decline in neuromuscular function including muscular strength, walking speed, balance, jumping and sprinting performance, and aerobic capacity, although the evidence is still weak regarding its effects in the young and the athletes. Supplementation counteracts the negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on performance although in individuals with adequate levels of vitamin D, additional supplementation does not appear to enhance further physical capabilities. The aim of this chapter is to review our current understanding of diverse effects of vitamin D in physical performance in athletic and nonathletic populations.

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“…[143,144]. In our laboratory, we have reported detrimental effects on muscle function when concentrations are below 30nmol/L [140] with no performance enhancing effects of vitamin D supplements if the starting concentration is around 50nmol/L [145]. In terms of a supplemental dose, the EFSA have recently stated that 4000iU is the maximum dose that should be used which we have also shown to be an effective dose in correcting deficiencies [146].…”

Section: Beta-alanine More Recently Muscle Concentrations Of the DImentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Hamilton

Philp

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

178

118

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Despite over 50 years of research, the field of sports nutrition continues to grow at a rapid rate. Whilst the traditional research focus was one that centred on strategies to maximize competition performance, emerging data in the last decade has demonstrated how both macronutrient and micronutrient availability can play a prominent role in regulating those cell signalling pathways that modulate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. Nonetheless, in the context of exercise performance, it is clear that carbohydrate (but not fat) still remains king and that carefully chosen ergogenic aids (e.g. caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrates) can all promote performance in the correct exercise setting. In relation to exercise training, however, it is now thought that strategic periods of reduced carbohydrate and elevated dietary protein intake may enhance training adaptations whereas high carbohydrate availability and antioxidant supplementation may actually attenuate training adaptation. Emerging evidence also suggests that vitamin D may play a regulatory role in muscle regeneration and subsequent hypertrophy following damaging forms of exercise. Finally, novel compounds (albeit largely examined in rodent models) such as epicatechins, nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, phosphatidic acid and ursolic acid may also promote or attenuate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and strength training. When taken together, it is clear that sports nutrition is very much at the heart of the Olympic motto, Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger).

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Vitamin D supplementation does not improve human skeletal muscle contractile properties in insufficient young males

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

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Vitamin D supplementation does not improve human skeletal muscle contractile properties in insufficient young males

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

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The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes