Vitamin D Supplementation for the Outcomes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonates: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Abstract

Background. Prevention and timely treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are important to the prognosis of pregnant women and neonates. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects and safety of vitamin D supplementation on GDM patients and neonates, to provide insights into clinical GDM treatment. Methods. Two authors searched the Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects and safety of vitamin D supplementation in GDM patients. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to Cochrane handbook. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 20 RCTs involving 1682 GDM patients were finally included, of whom 837 received vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation in GDM patients increased the serum 25(OH)D level (SMD = 4.07, 95% CI: (2.73, 5.41)) and HDL level (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.58)) and reduced serum LDL (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI: (−0.68, −0.29)), TG (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI: (−1.01, −0.17)), and TC (SMD = −0.67, 95% CI: (−1.19, −0.14)) levels in GDM patients (all P < 0.05 ). Besides, vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of premature birth (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: (0.22, 0.62)), hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.58)), and neonatal hospitalization (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.58)) of neonates (all P < 0.05 ). No significant publication bias in synthesized results was found (all P > 0.05 ). Conclusions. Vitamin D supplementation improves the blood lipid level in GDM patients and reduces adverse neonatal outcomes. The dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation for safety need to be further investigated in future high-quality studies.

Relevance of Serum Levels and Functional Genetic Variants in Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Amraei et al [99] confirmed that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of GDM. A recent meta-analysis by Wu et al [100] confirmed that vitamin D supplementation improves blood lipid levels in women with GDM.…”

Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses

“…Following deduplication, 673 meta-analyses remained, which underwent title and abstract screening with 123 meta-analyses selected for full-text screening. Finally, 16 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria for this umbrella review [15][16][17][18][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…Vitamin D supplementation for women with GDM Two meta-analyses investigated that effects of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy affected by GDM (Table 5) [17,31]. It significantly reduced caesarean section rate (RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63-0.89; number of studies = 9), hospitalization rate (RR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02-0.98; number of studies = 2), and preterm birth (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.22-0.62; number of studies = 10) [17,31].…”

“…Finally, full-text screening was performed to determine whether the remaining meta-analyses met our inclusion criteria. [17,31].…”

“…To date, several meta-analyses have been conducted to investigate the associations between vitamin D status during pregnancy and maternal and offspring outcomes [15,16]. Additionally, many meta-analyses have examined the impact of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on these outcomes [17,18]. An umbrella review employs systematic review methods to collect the current high-level evidence from meta-analyses on a specific topic [19].…”