Vitamin Deficiencies in Cattle

Frye, T.M.; Williams, S.N.; Graham, Thomas W.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30817-3

Cited by 37 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It was reported that vitamin E long-term oral supplementation decreased serum corticosteroid levels in mice [20] and calves [33]. The protective effects of vitamin E on the immune system were partially explained by reduced circulating levels of glucocorticoids [11]. In the present study, selenium given at therapeutic dose in selenium deficiency cattle [22] and vitamin E injection did not affect plasma cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Nitroblut Tetrazolium Reduction of Neutrophils in Heat Stressed Goats Is Not Influenced by Selenium and Vitamin E Injection.

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. Experiment was designed to determine whether heat stress suppresses neutrophil function and injections of selenium and vitamin E prior to heat stress prevent suppression of neutrophil function in goats. Twelve female goats were divided into 2 groups of 6 each and were kept at 25°C. Goats in the treatment group were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 mg/kg of selenium and 2.72 IU/kg of vitamin E at 8 and 1 day prior to the initiation of heat stress. The other group was kept as control. All goats were exposed to hot environment at 38°C from day 0 through 8. Decreased tendency in plasma cortisol concentrations and temporary increase in plasma glucose concentrations were shown in both groups. In the control group, plasma selenium concentration gradually increased and α-tocopherol concentration decreased during the first 2 days. After the second injection with selenium and vitamin E, plasma selenium and α-tocopherol concentrations significantly increased and remained higher than those in the control group. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the treatment group tended to be greater than that in the control group, but no significant difference was observed between 2 groups. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by activated neutrophils significantly decreased on day 6 in the control group but not in the treatment group. The NBT reduction by resting neutrophils significantly decreased in both groups. These data suggest that heat stress depresses neutrophil function, and selenium and vitamin E injection prior to heat stress has no apparent effect on neutrophil function during the stress. -KEY WORDS: heat stressed goat, neutrophil, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, selenium, vitamin E.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Nitroblut Tetrazolium Reduction of Neutrophils in Heat Stressed Goats Is Not Influenced by Selenium and Vitamin E Injection.

et al. 1998

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“…5,11,12,16 Common neurologic signs associated with vitamin A deficiency include convulsions, seizures, incoordination, and ataxia. 5,7,9,12,16,22 Neurologic manifestions of vitamin A deficiency are attributed to defective bone remodeling and impaired absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 11,16,22 Multiple cases of suspected or confirmed vitamin A deficiency have been reported in young captive lions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degenerative Myelopathy and Vitamin a Deficiency in a Young Black-Maned Lion (Panthera Leo)

2006

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Abstract. Degenerative myelopathy and vitamin A deficiency were diagnosed in a 1-year-old, female, black-maned lion (Panthera leo). Diffuse white matter degeneration characterized by dilated myelin sheaths, Wallerian degeneration, and reactive astrocytosis was present at all levels of the spinal cord. With luxol fast blue-cresyl echt violet stain, bilaterally symmetrical demyelination was observed in the fasciculus cuneatus of the cervical spinal cord and in peripheral white matter of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments. Additionally, the ventral gray columns and brain stem nuclei contained rare chromatolytic neurons with abnormal neurofilament accumulation. Leptomeninges of the cervical spinal cord were focally adhered to the dura and thickened by fibrosis and osseous metaplasia. Vitamin A deficiency was diagnosed based on hepatic vitamin A concentration of 1.71 mg/g dry weight. Adequate hepatic vitamin A concentration for yearling to adult domestic animals ranges between 150 and 1,000 mg/g dry weight. Lesions were distinct from those previously described in young captive lions with vitamin A deficiency, which had thickened skull bones and cerebellar herniation. The pathogenesis of vitamin A-associated myelopathy in this lion may be similar to that described in adult cattle, which is believed to result from spinal cord compression secondary to elevated pressure of cerebrospinal fluid.

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“…This may be attributed to the β-carotene concentrations, and which are too low to affect retinol concentrations. Normal serum retinol concentrations range from 25 to 60 µg/dl, and the serum α-tocopherol concentrations >400 µg/dl have been considered to indicate adequacy in adult cattle [2]. Desirable blood β-carotene concentrations are considered to be in excess of 300 µg/dl in dairy cattle [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes in Serum Vitamin A, Vitamin E and .BETA.-Carotene Concentrations in Japanese Black Breeding Cattle in Hyogo Prefecture

Katamoto

Yamada

Nishizaki

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The influence of the season on serum vitamin A, E and β-carotene concentrations was studied in Japanese Black breeding cattle. Blood samples were collected from 13 cows once a month for a year to determine the serum vitamin concentrations. Mean serum concentrations (± SE) of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were 21.3 ± 0.5 µg/dl (range 9.9 to 44.9), 215.9 ± 8.0 µg/dl (range 59.7 to 551.6) and 67.3 ± 5.1 µg/dl (range 10.6 to 425.2), respectively. All these concentrations were lower than the recommended levels. Serum retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in summer were lower than those in winter. These results suggest that the vitamin A, E and β-carotene status of Japanese Black breeding cows is inadequate, and feeding high quality forages or dietary vitamin supplementat ion during summer should be recommended. KEY WORDS: bovine, fat soluble vitamin, seasonal change.

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Vitamin Deficiencies in Cattle

Cited by 37 publications

References 105 publications

Nitroblut Tetrazolium Reduction of Neutrophils in Heat Stressed Goats Is Not Influenced by Selenium and Vitamin E Injection.

Nitroblut Tetrazolium Reduction of Neutrophils in Heat Stressed Goats Is Not Influenced by Selenium and Vitamin E Injection.

Degenerative Myelopathy and Vitamin a Deficiency in a Young Black-Maned Lion (Panthera Leo)

Seasonal Changes in Serum Vitamin A, Vitamin E and .BETA.-Carotene Concentrations in Japanese Black Breeding Cattle in Hyogo Prefecture

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