A series of novel cellulose membranes with antioxidant activity was prepared and characterized. Microcrystalline cellulose was functionalized with lipoic acid, ferulic acid and alpha-tocopherol moieties. These materials were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy and their degree of substitution (DS) was determined by volumetric analysis. The manuscript discusses the antioxidant activity of cellulose derivatives in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in ratliver microsomal membranes, induced in vitro by two different sources of free radicals: 2,2 0 -azobis-(2-amidinopropane) (AAPH), which exogenously produces peroxyl radicals by thermal decomposition, and tertbutyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH), which endogenously produces alkoxyl radicals by Fenton reactions. Membranes were prepared by the nonsolvent-induced phase inversion technique. Membranes of the pure cellulose derivatives were thin, mechanically weak and generally unsuitable for practical application. As an alternative, mechanically resistant poly(vinylidene fluoride)/cellulose ester blend membranes were obtained by direct phase inversion of the polymer/ polymer/solvent mixture. These membranes were characterized by means of water permeability measurements, optical and scanning electron microscopy, determination of the antioxidant activity in comparison with starting materials. The membranes exhibited a good preservation of peroxidation inhibition and the performance of this kind of cellulose membrane as a scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) offers interesting perspectives for an effective control of intradialytic oxidative stress.