Vitamin E Requirements of Human Infants

Nitowsky, Harold M.; Hsu, Ku Shin; Gordon, H. McL.

doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60737-2

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In six patients, it was possible to assess 51Cr-RBC PLASMA a-TOCOPHEROL ( g/l100 ml) 800 FIGURE 3 The relationship between the degree of peroxideinduced hemolysis and the plasma a-tocopherol level in CF patients. Thle sigmoid curve was drawn to approximate the apparent trend of the data.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…INTRODUCTION A variety of vitamin E deficiency syndromes are readily produced in lower animals, but man (with the possible exception of the premature infant) has not been shown to develop symptoms in the face of diminished tocopherol. The various etiologies (1,2) and in prematurely delivered newborns (3,4). To study chronic vitamin E deficiency in children and adults, it is therefore necessary to utilize patients with intestinal malabsorption.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To study chronic vitamin E deficiency in children and adults, it is therefore necessary to utilize patients with intestinal malabsorption. Despite the presence of abnormalities in some laboratory indices identified in earlier work (1,3), there are no convincing data that define the physiological derangements attributable to low tocopherol in these patients (5). Of several disorders accompanied by steatorrhea, cystic fibrosis (CF)' with pancreatic achylia represents one of the most common causes of the malabsorption syndrome in the United States (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Occurrence and Effects of Human Vitamin E Deficiency

Farrell¹,

Bieri²,

Fratantoni³

et al. 1977

J. Clin. Invest.

237

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A B S T R A C T The role of vitamin E in human nutrition was studied by investigation of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated pancreatic insufficiency. Vitamin E status was assessed by measurement of the plasma concentration of the principal circulating isomer, a-tocopherol. Results of such determinations in 52 CF patients with pancreatogenic steatorrhea revealed that all were deficient in the vitamin. The extent of decreased plasma tocopherol varied markedly but correlated with indices of intestinal malabsorption, such as the serum carotene concentration and percentage of dietary fat absorbed. Supplementation with 5-10 times the recommended daily allowance of vitamin E in a water-miscible form increased the plasma a-tocopherol concentrations to normal in all 19 CF patients so evaluated.Studies on the effects of vitamin E deficiency focused on possible hematologic alterations. An improved technique was developed to measure erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. While erythrocyte suspensions from control subjects demonstrated resistance to hemolysis during a 3-h incubation, all samples from tocopherol-deficient CF patients showed abnormal oxidant susceptibility, evidenced by greater than 5% hemoglobin release. The degree of peroxide-induced hemolysis was related to the plasma a-tocopherol concentration in an inverse, Dr. Farrell's present address and that for reprint requests is

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Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Occurrence and Effects of Human Vitamin E Deficiency

Farrell¹,

Bieri²,

Fratantoni³

et al. 1977

J. Clin. Invest.

237

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“…A prominent suggestion is due to Money,' who, on the basis of observations on pigs, postulated that selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency may cause sudden death in human infants. In addition, there is a widespread notion tihat breast-feeding may protect against this syndrome,2 which would be reasonable in the light of Money's hypothesis and the high concentration of vitamin E in human milk (7)(8) IU/1. ).3 However, we have previously shown that the blood selenium levels of infants dying suddenly and inexplicably are essentiallv identical to those of normal controls4; their plasma vitamin E levels appeared to be slightly lower than normal, but our initial studies were performed on only a small number of samples and thus did not permit a strong conclusion regarding this point.…”

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Letter: Sudden death in infancy and vitamin E deficiency.

Rhead¹,

Saltzstein²

1973

BMJ

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“…reasonable in the light of Money's hypothesis and the high concentration of vitamin E in human milk (7)(8) IU/1. ).3 However, we have previously shown that the blood selenium levels of infants dying suddenly and inexplicably are essentiallv identical to those of normal controls4; their plasma vitamin E levels appeared to be slightly lower than normal, but our initial studies were performed on only a small number of samples and thus did not permit a strong conclusion regarding this point.…”

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confidence: 79%

Letter: Abortion in 1972.

Arthure¹

1973

BMJ

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549who, on the basis of observations on pigs, postulated that selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency may cause sudden death in human infants. In addition, there is a widespread notion tihat breast-feeding may protect against this syndrome,2 which would be reasonable in the light of Money's hypothesis and the high concentration of vitamin E in human milk (7)(8) IU/1.).3 However, we have previously shown that the blood selenium levels of infants dying suddenly and inexplicably are essentiallv identical to those of normal controls4; their plasma vitamin E levels appeared to be slightly lower than normal, but our initial studies were performed on only a small number of samples and thus did not permit a strong conclusion regarding this point.We now have obtained additional data on the plasma vitamin E levels of infants dying suddenly and controls. The observed vitamin E levels of neonatal plasmna (0-28 ± 0.11 mng/100 ml), while lower than those noted by Nitowsky et al.,7 were similar to more recently published values;8 the neonates had lower plasma vitamin E levels than either the infants dying suddenly (0-49 ± 045 mng/100 ml) or control infants (0-79 ± 026 mg/100 ml; P=0.01). The infants who died suddenly (age at death 2-33 ± 2-85 months), though younger than the controls (4-28 ± 1-97 months), did not have significantly lower vitamin E levels than the controls (P= 005). Accordingly it seems unlikely that infants dying suddenly are seriously deficient in vitamin E during any period of their life.To determine the effect of breast-feeding on the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome we have obtained dietary histories of 46 infants dying suddenly and 38 control infants in San Diego County. The two groups were similar in respect of parental social class, age, occupation, education, race, and income, date and hosoital of birth, sex, race, birth order, and birth weight (P>0 05). In these samples similar proportions of infants dying suddenly (39%) and control infants (27°', ) were breast-fed during early infancy (P = 0.22), comparable with the results of other studies.9 10 While tihe average age at death of the 27 infants dying suddenlv who had been wholly formula-fed was 3.65 ± 2779 months, the 19 totally or partially breastfed infants died at 1-78 + 0.70 months (P=002); thus breast-feeding does not appear to protect against sudden death.All the infants who died suddenly appeared to have received an adequate amount of dietary vitamin E, since the infant formulas fed to them contained 4-3-7-9 IU of vitamin E./.3 In addition, some had received extradietary vitamin supplements containing 5 IU of vitamin E/ml; interestinaly, however, fewer infants dying suddenly than controls had received vitamin supplements (P =002). Though the significance of the latter observation still remains to be explained, no other differences between the dietary histories of the two grou,ps were found. In agreement with earlier studies," we also noted a slightly higher incidence of maternal smoking during pregnancy in the sudden infant death gro...

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Vitamin E Requirements of Human Infants

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

The Occurrence and Effects of Human Vitamin E Deficiency

The Occurrence and Effects of Human Vitamin E Deficiency

Letter: Sudden death in infancy and vitamin E deficiency.

Letter: Abortion in 1972.

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