Vitamin K in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

Dam, H.; Plum, Patrick Sven

doi:10.1080/00325481.1954.11711571

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…We discuss only those agents where childhood exposure is either known, or suspected, to be critical to cancer development. Vitamin K. The efficacy of intramuscular (IM) vitamin K prophylaxis in preventing both hemorrhagic diseases in neonates and late-onset bleeding disorders in breast-fed babies is well established (110). The prophylactic administration of vitamin K to neonates became a controversial topic when Golding et al (111) reported in 1992 that children who received it by the IM route were almost 3 times more likely to develop leukemia than children who received it orally or not at all.…”

Section: Perinatal/postnatal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Anderson¹,

Diwan²,

Fear³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

124

134

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In humans, cancer may be caused by genetics and environmental exposures; however, in the majority of instances the identification of the critical time window of exposure is problematic. The evidence for exposures occurring during the preconceptional period that have an association with childhood or adulthood cancers is equivocal. Agents definitely related to cancer in children, and adulthood if exposure occurs in utero, include: maternal exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy and childhood leukemia and certain other cancers, and maternal use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina of their daughters. The list of environmental exposures that occur during the perinatal/postnatal period with potential to increase the risk of cancer is lengthening, but evidence available to date is inconsistent and inconclusive. In animal models, preconceptional carcinogenesis has been demonstrated for a variety of types of radiation and chemicals, with demonstrated sensitivity for all stages from fetal gonocytes to postmeiotic germ cells. Transplacental and neonatal carcinogenesis show marked ontogenetic stage specificity in some cases. Mechanistic factors include the number of cells at risk, the rate of cell division, the development of differentiated characteristics including the ability to activate and detoxify carcinogens, the presence of stem cells, and possibly others. Usefulness for human risk estimation would be strengthened by the study of these factors in more than one species, and by a focus on specific human risk issues.

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Section: Perinatal/postnatal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Anderson¹,

Diwan²,

Fear³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

124

134

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“…I remember the respect we had for Dr Waddell due to his participation in this discovery. The best historical review of these developments and the most conclusive proof of the relationship between vitamin K deficiency and bleeding in the newborn infant was presented by Dam et al 38 …”

Section: Synthetic Vitamin K Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections on Errors in Neonatology: I. The “Hands-Off” Years, 1920 to 1950

Robertson

2003

J Perinatol

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“…A number of authors have reported significant changes in the blood coagulation factor activities in asphyxiated infants including evidence of decreased synthesis of liver dependent coagulation factor activities (2,7,8,16), disseminated intravascular coagulation (4, 5) and even accelerated maturation of blood coagulation (9,27). The variability in the results reported by different authors may reflect variations in the timing and duration of the hypoxemic episode, variation in the maturity of the infants studied, differences in the degree of acidosis, hypercarbia, hypotension and hypother-mia that might accompany the hypoxemic stress as well as complex changes resulting from the hypoxemic episode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Coagulation Changes Following Hypoxemia in the Near-Term Fetal Lamb

1982

Pediatr Res

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Summary 5,9,16,18,25,29). Some authors report changes consistent withThe effects of severe hypoxemia on blood coagulation factor activities and other physiologic parameters were examined in ten near-term chronically catheterized fetal lambs (135-140 days gestation). Six lambs were subjected to a mean Po2 of 13.8 + 1.4 mmHg for 60 min. The other four served as controls. Before, during and after hypoxemia, the white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, pH, Pcoz, Poz, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured. Measures of coagulation factor activities including platelet counts, partial thromboplastin times, prothrombin times and quantitation of plasma activities for factors I, 11, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, fibrin degradation products (FDP), antithrombin 111, fibrin monomer and ristocetin cofactor activity were also done. An increase in mean arterial Dressure from 48 + 2 mmHg to 56 + 2 " mmHg, and an increase in epinephrine from 22 f 9 pg/dl to 419 2 199 pg/dl, and norepinephrine from 431 f 98 pg/dl to 2408 + 868 pg/dl occurred in-thehypoxemic animals. here was also a slight decrease in the pH from 7.37 + 0.01 to 7.32 + 0.03 in the hypoxemic animals. The only significant change in blood coagulation factors during hypoxemia was a slight increase in fibrin monomer from 5.6 f 0.8 p g / d to 12.6 + 2.0 pg/ml. After the experiment, the animals were allowed to go to term and deliver spontaneously. Delivery occurred from 2-12 days after the experiment (mean 6 days). Blood coagulation factor activities I, 11, V, VI1, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, antithrombin 111, fibrin monomer, and fibrin degradation products were measured after delivery in the hypoxemic and control animals. Except for factor XII, values obtained from ten previously catheterized control fetal lambs after spontaneous delivery did not differ from the current control animals after delivery.Values on postdelivery samples for the two control groups were therefore pooled for analysis. Factors VIII, and IX were found to show increased activity during the 2 wk after delivery in hypoxemic animals when compared with controls. In contrast, the values for factors 11, V, VII, X and fibrinogen showed lower activity in hypoxemic as compared to control animals during the early neonatal period. The study demonstrates that though there are no severe acute effects on blood coagulation during severe hypoxemia in the near-term fetus except perhaps transient low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation, the episode of hypoxemia appears to alter the future development of blood coagulation factor activities during the early neonatal period. SpeculationHypoxemia in the near-term fetus delays the normal development of prothrombin, factors V, VII, X, and fibrinogen during the early neonatal period and accelerates the development of factors VIII and IX. The differences in factor responses may help explain the variable results reported in human infants. The results also suggest that both thrombotic and hemorrhagic tendencies...

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Vitamin K in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Reflections on Errors in Neonatology: I. The “Hands-Off” Years, 1920 to 1950

Blood Coagulation Changes Following Hypoxemia in the Near-Term Fetal Lamb

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