Vitamin<scp>B<sub>12</sub></scp> – Physiology, Production and Application

Sych, Janice Marie; Lacroix, Christophe; Stevens, Marc J. A.

doi:10.1002/9783527681754.ch6

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…LAA is presently manufactured commercially by utilizing B. megaterium and G. oxydans [46]. P. shermanii, and P. denitrificans produce cobalamin (vitamin B12), while vitamin K can be attained from Sinorhizobium meliloti, B. subtilis [104][105][106][107]. Recently, MK-7, which is an effective subtype of vitamin K produced from B. subtilis natto, became an FDA certified-safe food [107].…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Chaudhary,

Nawaz,

Fouillaud

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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The microbial biosynthesis of proteins, primary metabolites, and chemicals is gaining extraordinary momentum and is presently viewed as an advancing approach in the industrial research sector. Increased threats to the environment and the possibility of declining petroleum assets have switched the spotlight to microbial cell factories (MCFs). Aside from possessing various advantages over chemical synthesis, such as less toxicity, cheaper methodologies, and an environmentally benign nature, microbes can be cultivated in fermenters, resulting in an effective bioprocessing approach in terms of industrial relevance. As the overwhelming majority of biodiversity is microbial, this review first highlights the microbial biodiversity of industrially vital microorganisms. Then, the paper delineates the production pathways for generating valuable bioproducts via microbial workhorses. Many host cells synthesize bio-compounds as a part of their natural mechanism; however, several techniques have also been developed to attain the desired end product from non-native microbes with selected properties. The microbial biosynthetic pathways can be categorized as native-existing pathways, heterologous pathways, and artificial de novo pathways. Systems metabolic engineering, which integrates metabolic engineering with evolutionary engineering, synthetic biology, and systems biology, has further revolutionized the field of engineering robust phenotypes. The employment of these strategies improves the performance of the strain, eventually achieving high titer and productivity rates of bio-chemicals. Modern trends and tools for exploiting native pathways and designing non-native-created pathways are also briefly discussed in this paper. Finally, the review discusses the use of microbial workhorses for producing a myriad of materials and chemicals, including carboxylic acids, amino acids, plant natural products (PNPs), carotenoids, flavors, and fragrances, unveiling the efficacy of utilizing microbial species to generate sustainable bio-based products.

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Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Chaudhary,

Nawaz,

Fouillaud

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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“…Due to the complexity of chemical synthesis of vitamin B12, large scale B12 production exclusively relies on biosynthetic fermentation processes. Until now, only a few bacteria and archaea have been identified as authentic B12 producers in nature [151] . Among all, P. freudenreichii (anaerobic pathway) and P. denitrificans (aerobic pathway) are most often employed for the manufacturing of B12 because of their naturally outstanding B12 productivity, rapid growth, and simple nutritional requirements [46] .…”

Section: Microbial Production Of B12 By Propionibacterium Freudenreichiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, P. freudenreichii is not only extensively used for industrial biotechnological synthesis but also has been employed in a growing number of food bio-fortification applications [49,152] . The yield of B12 using P. freudenreichii could reach as high as about 300 mg/L, applying various optimization strategies such as strain selection, metabolic engineering, and medium and process optimization [46,151] .…”

Section: Microbial Production Of B12 By Propionibacterium Freudenreichiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of vitamin B12 in foods ‐ development and application of stable isotope dilution assays for naturally occurring cobalamins

Wang,

Rychlik

2024

Lebensmittelchemie

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“…Several evaluations have been finalized in the European Union and United States for GEM-produced novel foods, including: steviol glycosides, oligosaccharides, and a structural protein, yet there are other food ingredients produced with genetically modified microbes (modified by either nontargeted mutagenesis or genetic engineering) that do not appear on these lists. This includes vitamins such as riboflavin (Schwechheimer et al 2016) andother B vitamins (Acevedo-Rocha et al 2019;Sych, Lacroix, and Stevens 2016), amino acids such as methionine (Willke 2014), and other food additives such as citric acid (Max et al 2010). Most of these food substances have been part of the food supply for over a decade, and production by a GEM would only represent a novel production process for an otherwise identical molecule.…”

Section: Safety Evaluation and Authorization Of Gems And Gem-produced Food Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GEMs: genetically engineered microorganisms and the regulatory oversight of their uses in modern food production

Hanlon

Sewalt

2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Over the past several decades, the use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs, often referred to as Genetically Modified Microorganisms or GMMs) has become widespread in the production of food processing aids and other food ingredients. GEMs are advancing food production by increasing efficiency, reducing waste and resource requirements, and ultimately enabling beneficial innovations such as the cost-effective fortification of food with essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids, and delivery of tailored enzymes to achieve unique food processing capabilities. Regulatory agencies, including those in the European Union, United States, and Canada review the safety of GEMs when evaluating food substances produced using GEMs to ensure that both the microorganism and the resulting food substance are safe. This paper provides a summary of historical and current use of GEMs in food manufacture, an overview of frameworks that regulate their use, and a description of the safety assessment of both GEMs and food substances produced with GEMs. The paper encourages regulatory agencies around the globe to take a more aligned approach to the safety evaluation and regulatory oversight of GEM-produced food ingredients and enzymes, a category of food substances that enables more sustainable consumer food choices.

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VitaminB₁₂ – Physiology, Production and Application

Cited by 14 publications

References 126 publications

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Analysis of vitamin B12 in foods ‐ development and application of stable isotope dilution assays for naturally occurring cobalamins

GEMs: genetically engineered microorganisms and the regulatory oversight of their uses in modern food production

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VitaminB12 – Physiology, Production and Application

Cited by 14 publications

References 126 publications

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability

Analysis of vitamin B12 in foods ‐ development and application of stable isotope dilution assays for naturally occurring cobalamins

GEMs: genetically engineered microorganisms and the regulatory oversight of their uses in modern food production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

VitaminB₁₂ – Physiology, Production and Application