Vitamin Supplementation and Dementia: A Systematic Review

Gil-Martínez, Victoria; Salas, Ana Avedillo; Ballestín, Sonia Santander

doi:10.3390/nu14051033

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Clinical trials that verified the effect of vit D supplementation on cognitive functions show that there is a better response to supplementation in individuals who already have some impairment or deficiency of the vitamin (Rossom et al, 2012 ; Kazem et al, 2014 ; Hu et al, 2018 ; Castle et al, 2020 ; Zajac et al, 2020 ). Although studies report an association between vit D status and cognitive functions, the potential benefits that this vitamin can promote in terms of cognition are still inconclusive (Gil Martínez et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials

et al. 2022

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Various functions in the central nervous system, such as growth, development, and cognition can be influenced by vitamins and minerals, which are capable of helping to maintain brain health and function throughout life. Cognition is understood as the aspects related to knowledge, learning, and understanding, as well as the ability to develop these functions. A possible association between low levels of vit D and deficit in the performance of cognitive functions in healthy humans or with some pathological condition is discussed. Because of this, the present systematic review analyzed only randomized clinical trials carried out in healthy non-athlete adults about intellectual and/or mental processes involving cognitive functions to identify whether these individuals with different levels of vit D are capable of interfering with the performance of the cognitive function. To do so, we adopted the PRISMA method criteria and registered it in the PROSPERO database. The search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, 2,167 records were identified. The 5 most frequent cognitive domains in the selected studies were: processing speed, attention, verbal learning/memory, executive function, and general cognitive functions. We found that there are positive changes in the following domains: verbal memory and verbal working memory, learning memory, attention, executive function, and also cognitive function in general. We highlight the following suggestions for improvements that vitamin D supplementation may promote in the cognitive domains of healthy adults: a) low doses between 400 and 600 IU/d seem to be more effective when compared to doses between 2,400 and 5,000 IU/d and b) food fortification and enrichment with vit D, need further studies, as they seem to be more or as effective as synthetic supplementation. We evident that there is a need for trials that evaluate the control of vit D levels for healthy adult individuals is important, as they have the potential to minimize health problems, especially those involved in the reduction of cognitive abilities. Thus, the development of more clinical trials to obtain satisfactory answers on this topic needs to be encouraged.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021262413.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials

et al. 2022

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“…however, not all of the included populations were cognitively impaired, and normal individuals were also included. 7,8 No meta-analysis has examined the effects of folic acid supplementation in patients with different cognitive impairments. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the effect of folic acid supplementation on different cognitive impairments and to analyze the effect of folic acid supplementation on HCY levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it remains controversial whether folic acid supplementation is effective in delaying cognitive impairment. In addition, two meta‐analyses assessed the effect of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function; however, not all of the included populations were cognitively impaired, and normal individuals were also included 7,8 . No meta‐analysis has examined the effects of folic acid supplementation in patients with different cognitive impairments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive impairment: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xu,

Zhu,

Chen

et al. 2024

J Evidence Based Medicine

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ObjectiveWith the increasing number of patients with cognitive impairment, nonpharmacological ways to delay cognitive impairment have attracted people's attention, such as lifestyle changes and nutritional supplementation. Folic acid supplementation appears to be a promising treatment option. However, it remains controversial whether folic acid supplementation is effective in delaying adult's cognitive impairment. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze the effects of folic acid supplementation on different cognitive impairments.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and VIP databases for randomized controlled trials on January 22, 2024. The included population comprised those diagnosed with cognitive impairment. We included trials that compared folic acid treatment with placebo, other dosing regimens, or other intervention controls. Conducting quality evaluation of included studies according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager software.ResultsTwenty‐two trials, including 3604 participants, met inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, the cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients showed improvement with folic acid supplementation: supplementation with < 3 mg (standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.10 to 0.41), and supplementing with ≥ 3 mg folic acid could improve cognitive function in AD patients (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.88). Additionally, it reduced homocysteine (HCY) levels (mean differences (MD) = –4.74, 95% CI –8.08 to –1.39). In mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, cognitive function improved with folic acid supplementation: supplementation with > 400 μg (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.63), and supplementation with ≤ 400 μg (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.31). It also reduced HCY levels at intervention ≤ 6 months (MD = –3.93, 95% CI –5.05 to –2.82) and intervention > 6 months (MD = –4.38, 95% CI –5.15 to –3.61). However, supplementing with folic acid did not improve cognitive function in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) patients, with folic acid supplements < 3 mg (SMD = –0.07, 95% CI –0.23 to –0.08), folic acid supplements ≥ 3 mg (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI –0.57 to 1.49), however, it reduced HCY levels at intervention > 6 months (MD = –5.91, 95% CI –7.13 to –4.69) and intervention ≤ 6 months (MD = –11.15, 95% CI –12.35 to –9.95).ConclusionsSupplement folic acid is beneficial to the cognitive profile of patients with MCI, supplementation with ≥ 3 mg folic acid can improve cognitive function in AD patients.

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“…For example, Dominguez et al [ 22 ] documented that adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction in incidence of AD. In addition, Martinez [ 23 ] suggests in a systematic review that supplementation of B complex vitamins, especially folic acid, may have a positive effect on delaying and preventing the risk of cognitive decline. Given their safety, nutritional supplements have been extensively investigated as an option for treating cognitive disorders [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], especially in the initial stages of the disease to prevent the progression to dementia [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Citicoline Effective in Preventing and Slowing Down Dementia?—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Background: Cognitive impairment is a staggering personal and societal burden; accordingly, there is a strong interest in potential strategies for its prevention and treatment. Nutritional supplements have been extensively investigated, and citicoline seems to be a promising agent; its role in clinical practice, however, has not been established. We systematically reviewed studies on the effect of citicoline on cognitive performance. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for articles published between 2010 and 2022. Relevant information was extracted and presented following the PRISMA recommendations. Data were pooled using the inverse-variance method with random effects models. Results: We selected seven studies including patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease or post-stroke dementia. All the studies showed a positive effect of citicoline on cognitive functions. Six studies could be included in the meta-analysis. Overall, citicoline improved cognitive status, with pooled standardized mean differences ranging from 0.56 (95% CI: 0.37–0.75) to 1.57 (95% CI: 0.77–2.37) in different sensitivity analyses. The overall quality of the studies was poor. Discussion: Available data indicate that citicoline has positive effects on cognitive function. The general quality of the studies, however, is poor with significant risk of bias in favor of the intervention. Other: PubMed and the Cochrane Library.

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Vitamin Supplementation and Dementia: A Systematic Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 61 publications

Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials

Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials

Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive impairment: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Is Citicoline Effective in Preventing and Slowing Down Dementia?—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

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