Vitamins Aid Reduction of Lost Time in industry

Holmes, Arthur D.; Pigott, Madeleine G.; Sawyer, W. A.; Comstock, Laura

doi:10.1021/ie50273a021

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These oils contain large amounts of vitamin D. All five cod liver oil studies listed by Semba showed it reduced the incidence of respiratory infections. Two controlled studies in the 1930s found similar results : the first found cod liver oil given to 185 adults for 4 months reduced colds by 50 % ; in the second study it reduced industrial absenteeism due to respiratory infections in 1561 adults by 30% [98,99]. In 2004, Linday et al reported that 600-700 IU of vitamin D, given as cod liver oil and a multivitamin, significantly reduced the mean number of upper respiratory tract visits over time when given to 47 young (mean age 2 years) New York City children from late autumn to early May, whereas in a medical record control site group, no decrease occurred over time [100].…”

Section: Cod Liver Oil and Viral Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemic influenza and vitamin D

et al. 2006

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In 1981, R. Edgar Hope-Simpson proposed that a 'seasonal stimulus' intimately associated with solar radiation explained the remarkable seasonality of epidemic influenza. Solar radiation triggers robust seasonal vitamin D production in the skin; vitamin D deficiency is common in the winter, and activated vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, a steroid hormone, has profound effects on human immunity. 1,25(OH)2D acts as an immune system modulator, preventing excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the 'oxidative burst' potential of macrophages. Perhaps most importantly, it dramatically stimulates the expression of potent anti-microbial peptides, which exist in neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, and in epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract where they play a major role in protecting the lung from infection. Volunteers inoculated with live attenuated influenza virus are more likely to develop fever and serological evidence of an immune response in the winter. Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's 'seasonal stimulus'.

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Section: Cod Liver Oil and Viral Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemic influenza and vitamin D

et al. 2006

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“…In one study, 185 adults were given cod liver oil, and their prevalence of colds over four winter months was 44.9 per cent compared with 67.2 per cent in the control group. 57 A second study found that cod liver oil given to 1561 adults reduced the incidence of respiratory tract infections by 30 per cent. 58 Courses of suberythemal ultraviolet radiation administered twice a week for three years to 410 teenage athletes resulted in 50 per cent fewer respiratory viral infections and 300 per cent fewer days of absenteeism, compared with 446 non-irradiated athletes.…”

Section: Biofilms and Cathelicidinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cod liver oil contains vitamin D as well as other nutrients that might be useful in the prevention or treatment of infection. In one study, 185 adults were given cod liver oil, and their prevalence of colds over four winter months was 44.9 per cent compared with 67.2 per cent in the control group 57 . A second study found that cod liver oil given to 1561 adults reduced the incidence of respiratory tract infections by 30 per cent 58 .…”

Section: Interventional Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, innate immunity and upper respiratory tract infection

Bartley

2010

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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“…An association between vitamin D and likelihood of influenza virus infection was first noted in laboratory experiments with animal models [12] . A study on prevention of industrial absenteeism also found that cod liver oil rich in vitamin D reduced lost time due to respiratory illness [13] . Since those early findings, a number of investigators have hypothesized that the decreased sunlight levels in temperate regions during winter, which decrease vitamin D concentrations and host immune function, increase susceptibility to influenza infection [4] , [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortcomings of Vitamin D-Based Model Simulations of Seasonal Influenza

et al. 2011

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Seasonal variation in serum concentration of the vitamin D metabolite 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D], which contributes to host immune function, has been hypothesized to be the underlying source of observed influenza seasonality in temperate regions. The objective of this study was to determine whether observed 25(OH)D levels could be used to simulate observed influenza infection rates. Data of mean and variance in 25(OH)D serum levels by month were obtained from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and used to parameterize an individual-based model of influenza transmission dynamics in two regions of the United States. Simulations were compared with observed daily influenza excess mortality data. Best-fitting simulations could reproduce the observed seasonal cycle of influenza; however, these best-fit simulations were shown to be highly sensitive to stochastic processes within the model and were unable consistently to reproduce observed seasonal patterns. In this respect the simulations with the vitamin D forced model were inferior to similar modeling efforts using absolute humidity and the school calendar as seasonal forcing variables. These model results indicate it is unlikely that seasonal variations in vitamin D levels principally determine the seasonality of influenza in temperate regions.

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Vitamins Aid Reduction of Lost Time in industry

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Epidemic influenza and vitamin D

Epidemic influenza and vitamin D

Vitamin D, innate immunity and upper respiratory tract infection

Shortcomings of Vitamin D-Based Model Simulations of Seasonal Influenza

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