Vitamins and Minerals: Types, Sources and their Functions

Akram, Muhammad; Munir, Naveed; Daniyal, Muhammad; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Găman, Mihnea‐Alexandru; Onyekere, Peculiar Feenna; Olatunde, Ahmed

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42319-3_9

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Various studies reported the concentration of minerals present in MLs as N (0.003-2.6%), P (0.007-0.48), Ca (0.003-4.41%), Mg (0.009-1.58), S (0.37-0.88), Zn (0.0024-0.014%), Na (0.003-0.23%), B (0.0016-0.0042%), copper (0.0021-0.0029%), Fe (0.0062-0.034%), Mn (0.0028-0.003%), and cadmium (0.015%) [13,[20][21][22][23][24]. These minerals are important for human nutrition, as they play a major role in various activities such as maintenance of healthy bones and teeth, nerve functioning, muscles contraction and relaxation, immune system health, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, energy metabolism, and part of many enzymes [25]. The concentrations of vitamin A, B, E, and C reported as 121, 189, 10, and 30 mg/100 mL in ML [20].…”

Section: Minerals and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…development of epithelial tissue, maintaining skin health, visual sharpness, bone development, wounds healing, immune response, and providing strength to the connective tissues. Vitamins B1, B2, and B3 act as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and oxidation–reduction reactions [ 25 ]. Mineral and vitamin composition of MLs reported by various researchers is presented in Table 2 .…”

Section: Nutritional Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

et al. 2021

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Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.

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Section: Minerals and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutritional Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

et al. 2021

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“…ASLs possess appreciable concentrations of various minerals, such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), and vitamins, namely, A, C (ascorbic acid), E, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), and B9 (folic acid). These minerals are required to maintain a healthy human body, as they help to perform various activities, such as maintenance of healthy teeth and bones, muscle contraction and relaxation, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, nerve functioning, immune system health, energy metabolism, and many enzymes [ 25 ]. Macro- and microminerals, namely, Mg (65.65 mg/100 g), P (43.1 mg/100 g), Zn (0.455 mg/100 g), Cu (0.312 mg/100 g), and Se (in trace amounts), were reported in extracts of ASLs [ 26 ].…”

Section: Nutritional Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vitamins are involved in many activities in the human body, such as maintaining skin health, epithelial tissue development, bone development, visual sharpness, immune response, wound healing, and strengthening connective tissues. Vitamin B1, B2, B3, and B9 act as cofactors for several enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and carbohydrate metabolism [ 25 ].…”

Section: Nutritional Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

et al. 2021

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Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

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“…Some investigations of the relationship between various types of can-cer and supplemental vitamins gradually increase. Vitamin supplements can reduce the incidence of cancer, some study suggests that there may be an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of liver cancer (5,6). Low levels of thiamine in the serum will increase cancer incidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B1 Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Liu

Xiong

Wang

et al. 2021

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Colorectal cancer is the main leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Protective effects of vitamin B1 on colorectal cancer have been observed in some epidemiological studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of intake of vitamin B1 with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE via PubMed (published up to September 2020). We extracted data from articles on vitamin B1 and used a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a random-effects model for analysis. We found seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria (1 of cohort studies and 6 case-control studies) and a total of 6,184 colorectal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The multivariable-adjusted OR for pooled studies for the association of roughly the same high dose level versus the lowest vitamin B1 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer was 0.76 (95% confidence interval ([95%CI]: 0.65, 0.89). This meta-analysis studied the relationship between vitamin B1 and colorectal cancer. We found vitamin B1 intake was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. However, further research and large sample studies need to be conducted to better validate the result.

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Vitamins and Minerals: Types, Sources and their Functions

Cited by 52 publications

References 79 publications

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Vitamin B1 Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review of Observational Studies

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