Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study

Verhoeven, D.T.H.; Assen, N.A.; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra; Dorant, E.; Veer, Pieter van’t; Sturmans, F.; Hermus, R.J.J.; Brandt, Piet A. van den

doi:10.1038/bjc.1997.25

Cited by 161 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It has been suggested that this difference might be partly explained by dietary factors, such as dietary fat or isoflavones (Wynder, 1977;Key et al, 1999). The evidence that a high intake of fruit and vegetables is protective against breast cancer is inconsistent (World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997), and our findings are in agreement with other cohort studies that suggest that fruit and vegetables intake are not strong dietary determinants of breast cancer mortality in Asian (Hirayama, 1978) or Western women (Verhoeven et al, 1997). Other cohort studies have also found no association between vitamin C intake and/or bcarotene intake and breast cancer risk (Hunter et al, 1993;Rohan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study

et al. 2003

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The association between green-yellow vegetables and fruit consumption and risk of cancer death was investigated in a prospective study of 38 540 men and women who were atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Study participants completed a dietary questionnaire in 1980 -1981 and were followed-up for cancer deaths until March 1998, during which time 3136 cancer deaths were identified. Daily or almost daily fruit consumption was associated with a significant 12% reduction in total cancer mortality (RR ¼ 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 -0.96 for daily intake compared with intake once per week or less). Daily or almost daily greenyellow vegetables consumption was associated with a marginally significant 8% reduction in total cancer mortality (0.92; 0.94 -1.01). Green-yellow vegetables consumption was associated with a significant reduction in liver cancer mortality (0.75; 0.60 -0.95). Fruit consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stomach cancer and lung cancer mortality (0.80; 0.65 -0.98). Greenyellow vegetables and fruit consumption was associated with a reduction in oesophageal cancer, but these associations were not statistically significant. Neither green-yellow vegetables nor fruit consumption was associated with colorectal cancer or breast cancer mortality. These results support the evidence that daily consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of total cancer, and specifically cancers of the stomach, liver, and lung.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study

et al. 2003

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“…Marques-Vidal reported that relationship between dietary intake and colorectal cancer might be less important than previously reported (Marques-Vidal et al, 2006). There are case control studies suggesting the relation between high consumption of fiber and decreased risk of breast cancer, (Baghurst and Rohan, 1994;La Vecchia et al, 1997) however these finding are not confirmed in longitudinal studies (Verhoeven et al, 1997;Willett et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Correlation of Cancer Incidence with Diet, Smoking and Socio-Economic Position Across 22 Districts of Tehran in 2008

Rohani-Rasaf

Abdollahi²,

Jazayeri³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and risk factors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer but patterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence of common cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. Materials and Methods: In an ecological study, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake, smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment (Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. Results: Consumption of fruit, meat and dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breast and total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake. Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was no correlation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. Conclusions: The incidence of cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather than dietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering.

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“…A similar protective effect for vegetable consumption was found in a meta-analysis of 14 case-control and 3 cohort studies. 31 No protective effect was found in a pooled analysis of data from 7 cohorts 32 but, in some, ascertainment of fruit and vegetable intake 33,34 was poor. Moreover, 2 of the cohorts included in this analysis have since reported protective effects for vegetable intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifelong vegetarianism and risk of breast cancer: A population‐based case‐control study among South Asian migrant women living in England

dos‐Santos‐Silva

Mangtani

McCormack

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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To investigate the role of lifelong vegetarianism on the aetiology of female breast cancer, we conducted a population-based case-control study among South Asian migrant women from the Indian subcontinent resident in England. A total of 240 South Asian breast cancer cases were identified from 2 cancer registries during 1995-1999. For each case, 2 age-matched South Asian controls were randomly selected from the age-sex register of the case practice. Lifelong vegetarians had a slight reduction, although not statistically significant, in the odds of breast cancer relative to lifelong meat-eaters, which persisted after adjustment for socio-demographic and reproductive variables [odds ratio (OR)‫;77.0؍‬ 95% confidence interval (CI)‫05.0؍‬ -1.18]. Analysis by food group revealed no linear trend in the odds of breast cancer with increasing consumption of meat (p‫)01.0؍‬ but the odds were higher for women in the top 75%. In contrast, there were strong inverse trends in the odds of breast cancer with increasing intake of vegetables (p‫,)500.0؍‬ pulses (p‫)700.0؍‬ and fibre [non-starch polysaccharides, NSP (p‫,])20.0؍‬ with women in the highest 25% of intake of these foods having about 50% of the odds of those in the lowest ones. Adjustment for intake of vegetables and pulses reverted the odds of breast cancer in lifelong vegetarians relative to lifelong meateaters (OR‫;40.1؍‬ 95% CI‫)86.1-56.0؍‬ and attenuated the quartile-specific estimates for meat intake, whereas the inverse trends in the odds of breast cancer with intake of vegetables and pulses remained after adjustment for type of diet or meat intake. These findings suggest that lifelong vegetarianism may be associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer through its association with a higher intake of vegetables and pulses. Although it is not possible to exclude the possibility that lifelong meat abstention may also play a role, the findings provide evidence that a diet rich in vegetables and pulses, such as those typically found in South Asian diets, may be protective against this cancer. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: breast cancer; diet; vegetarianism; migrants; South Asians; EnglandMigrant 1,2 and ecological 3 studies have supported the hypothesis that diet may play a role in the aetiology of female breast cancer. However, results from cohort and case-control studies have been inconsistent. Deficiencies in study design or inaccuracies of dietary assessment methods that introduce non-differential misclassification of exposure leading to relative risk estimates biased towards unity could have contributed to the conflicting results. In addition, a common difficulty in investigating relationships between dietary factors and breast cancer risks with case-control or cohort studies, especially if they are likely to be weak associations, is the relative homogeneity of the diet of Western populations where most such epidemiological studies have been carried out. South Asian populations such as those in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are characterised by a l...

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Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 161 publications

References 42 publications

Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study

Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study

Correlation of Cancer Incidence with Diet, Smoking and Socio-Economic Position Across 22 Districts of Tehran in 2008

Lifelong vegetarianism and risk of breast cancer: A population‐based case‐control study among South Asian migrant women living in England

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