Vitreoretinal abnormalities in corona virus disease 2019 patients

Sutandi, Nathania; Lee, Felix

doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_30_21

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…The retina can be involved during or after COVID-19 ( 27 ), the mechanism of which is supposed to be related to the direct viral ocular infection because of the expression of ACE2 receptors in the retina, as well as the indirect effect of COVID-19 on vascular inflammation and thromboembolic complications ( 28 ). Some patients reported positive PCR retinal tests, while others did not ( 29 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) : According to the review studies, microvascular changes are the most common vitreoretinal disorder caused by COVID-19 infection ( 28 , 31 ). Impaired visual acuity was reported as a common complaint, while some were asymptomatic; various findings have also been reported to be found during the fundoscopic examination, such as retinal hemorrhages, and pan-retinal fern-like whitening ( 37 ), macular edema ( 38 ), dilated and tortuous vessels ( 39 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19

Akbari

Dourandeesh²

2022

Front. Med.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the most critical health crisis at present, and research is continued about the exact pathophysiology, presentations, and complications of this pandemic. It influences several organs, and many studies have addressed the organs, the involvement of which during the COVID-19 results in patients' death. One of the important organs that can be involved during COVID-19, which is also a transmission route of the disease, is the eye. According to the evidence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have ocular manifestations and complications. According to the literature, conjunctivitis is the most common presentation, which can develop at any stage of COVID-19 (during and even after the disease), and the major pathophysiology of the eye involvement during the disease is attributed to the direct effect of the virus on the eyes, tissue damage caused by inflammation, underlying diseases, and the adverse effect of the medications prescribed. There are also reports of life-threatening complications, such as rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis, which require urgent treatment and are associated with a great mortality rate. Ocular manifestations may also be the presentation of a life-threatening event, such as stroke; therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to the ocular manifestations during COVID-19. In this review, after about 2 years of the pandemic started, we present a narrative review on ocular manifestations during COVID-19, categorized into three main categories; ophthalmic, orbital, and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations with a detailed description of the presenting symptoms, risk factor, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies suggested for each.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19

Akbari

Dourandeesh²

2022

Front. Med.

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“…The prothrombotic process begins with vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and increased proinflammatory cytokines [20] . Central retinal artery and vein occlusion, serpiginous choroiditis, macular hemorrhage, acute macular neuroretinopathy, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, vitritis, and acute retinal necrosis have been reported to develop in COVID-19 patients, as a result of direct viral invasion of the ocular vessel wall and the thromboembolic process [21] . Invernizzi et al have reported COVID-19 to affect retinal vascular structures and cause retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and dilated and tortuous vessels [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection

Tüfek¹,

Çapraz²,

Kaya³

et al. 2022

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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“…This includes keratouveitis related to herpes zoster reactivation but affects many other cranial nerves as carefully reviewed and referenced in 54 . There is some evidence for vitritis that can be associated with uveitis 55 . Vitritis can also be present with some of the macular pathology discussed above.…”

Section: Autoimmunementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Ophthalmic Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Related Infection and Vaccination

Petzold

2022

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a unique opportunity to study the effects of infection and vaccination on disease. The year 2020 was dominated by infection and its consequences. The year 2021 was dominated by vaccination and its consequences. It will still take several years for full maturation of databases required for robust epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review on the implications for neuro-ophthalmology draws on resources presently available including reported adverse reactions to vaccination. Illustrative clinical cases are presented. The spectrum of pathology following infection with SARS-CoV-2 falls into 4 main categories: autoimmune, vascular, sequelae of brain damage, and miscellaneous. This review is exhaustive, but the most common conditions discussed relate to headaches and associated symptoms; vertigo, diplopia, and nystagmus; vascular complications of the eye and brain; cranial nerve (mono-)neuropathies; photophobia, ocular discomfort, and optic neuritis. Of the 36 main adverse reactions reviewed, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is a novel complication requiring specific hematological management. Updated diagnostic criteria are summarized. It is relevant to remember taking a medication history because of side effects and to recognize the relevance of comorbidities. The clinical assessment can frequently be performed virtually. Consensus recommendations on telemedicine and the virtual assessment are summarized in a practical and compressed format. The review concludes with an epidemiological tetralogy to interrogate, in future studies, associations with (1) SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, (2) SARS-CoV-2 worldwide vaccination, and (3) the possibility of a rebound effect of infections in the pandemic aftermath.

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Vitreoretinal abnormalities in corona virus disease 2019 patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19

Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19

Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection

Neuro-Ophthalmic Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Related Infection and Vaccination

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