Vitreoretinal influences on lens function and cataract

Beebe, David C.; Holekamp, Nancy M.; Siegfried, Carla J.; Shui, Ying Bo

doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0228

Cited by 87 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…David Beebe and colleagues address this issue in relation to the vitreous humour [10]. The oxygen levels at the posterior surface of the lens are low, but it is argued that breakdown of the vitreous will increase the level of oxygen available at the posterior lens surface and render the tissue more susceptible to oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocular lens: a classic model for development, physiology and disease

Wormstone

Wride

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Millions are rendered blind or exhibit visual impairment due to pathologies of the lens of the eye. Lens research therefore addresses the direct need to gain insights into the cellular and molecular basis of disease, but, moreover, serves as a valuable experimental system to answer fundamental biological questions. This themed issue showcases the scientific knowledge of the processes involved in the development, structure, ultrastructure, physiology and pathology of the lens and how this information has the potential to significantly further knowledge in various fields of research. The issue is divided into three main areas. Firstly, the lens is discussed as a developmental model for embryonic induction, as an elegant system for studying the role of growth factors in development, and for analysis of the molecular control and cellular basis of cellular differentiation. The genetic basis of disorders of lens development, including paediatric cataract (lens opacity), are also discussed in this section. Secondly, adult lens structure and ultrastructure are covered, as well as the lens as a model for homeostasis and solute exchange. Finally, the papers in the latter part of the special issue review lens pathology, including the lens as a model for normal and pathological ageing, vitreoretinal influences on lens function and cataract and the lens as a model for fibrotic disease. Overall, the articles highlight the lens as a continuing, very important and attractive model system for biologists working in many different research areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocular lens: a classic model for development, physiology and disease

Wormstone

Wride

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Liquefaction of the vitreous, increasing oxygen concentration in the lens (Beebe et al, 2011;McLaren et al, 1998) Impediment of antioxidant diffusion in the lens (Sweeney and Truscott, 1998) Reduction in key enzymes that maintain antioxidant levels (Fecondo and Augusteyn, 1983) Increased level of chromophores (Davies and Truscott, 2001;Roberts, 2001) …”

Section: Lensmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

Hammond

Johnson

George

2014

Experimental Eye Research

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The fact that light is necessary for life is generally accepted as an axiom. The extent to which light interacts and influences human biology, however, is often not fully appreciated. Exposure to sunlight, for instance, can both promote and degrade human health. There is now general scientific consensus that, although the eye evolved to respond to light, it is also damaged by excessive exposure. Light-mediated ocular damage is involved in the pathophysiology of many common forms of blindness. The type of ocular tissue damage induced by light exposure depends on the extent of exposure and wavelength. The tissues of the lens, cornea, and retina contain specific chemical moieties that have been proven to exhibit light-mediated oxidative degradation. Proteins and lipids present in the cornea, lens, and retina, meet all of the physical requirements known to initiate the process of oxidative photodegradation upon exposure to solar radiation. As such, different mechanisms have evolved in the lens, cornea, and retina to ameliorate such light-mediated oxidative damage. It appears, however, that such mechanisms are ill-matched to handle modern conditions: namely, poor diet and longer life-spans (and the degenerative diseases that accompany them). Hence, steps must be taken to protect the eye from the damaging effects of light. Preventative measures include minimizing actinic light exposure, providing exogenous filtering (e.g., through the use of protective lenses), and enhancing antioxidant defenses (e.g., through increased dietary intake of antioxidants). These strategies may yield long-term benefits in terms of reducing oxidative photodegradation of the ocular tissues.

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“…Maintenance of a low oxygen concentration around the lens might prevent the formation of nuclear cataracts. 12,27,28 So, the enzymatic-assisted PVD increases vitreal O2 levels, which is beneficial in improving retinal hypoxia caused by DR, but on the other hand will lead to the formation of cataracts. Results are means 6 SD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Induced Vitreolysis Can Alleviate the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy Through the HIF-1α Pathway

Zhang

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Li C, Chen P, Zhang J, et al. Enzyme-induced vitreolysis can alleviate the progression of diabetic retinopathy through the HIF-1a pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:4964-4970. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-11443 PURPOSE. We studied the mechanism by which complete posterior vitreous detachment by enzyme-induced vitreolysis alleviates the progression of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS.We enrolled 50 diabetic rats and 20 normal control rats in this study. The right eyes of these diabetic rats were treated with a hyaluronidase (5 U) plus plasmin (0.25 U) by intravitreous injection (ET group), while the left eyes of diabetic rats (DR group) and eyes of the normal rats (NC group) were injected with balanced saline. Eight months after intravitreous injection, the oxygen concentration in the vitreous was measured, and the expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in retinas were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Clinical observation, visual electrophysiology tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also were performed on the rats.RESULTS. SEM results showed that the surface of retinas in the ET group had little vitreous cortex and the inner limiting membrane could be observed. The oxygen concentration of the midvitreous was higher in the ET group than other groups. A significantly high expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, and bFGF was detected in the retinas of the DR group compared to the ET and NC groups. In visual electrophysiology tests, amplitude decline and peak time latency were found in diabetic rats, and changes in the DR group were more obvious than in the ET group.CONCLUSIONS. Enzyme-induced vitreolysis can increase oxygen concentration in the vitreous, with reduced expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, and bFGF, and increased expression of PEDF in the retinas, thus alleviating the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

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Vitreoretinal influences on lens function and cataract

Cited by 87 publications

References 43 publications

The ocular lens: a classic model for development, physiology and disease

The ocular lens: a classic model for development, physiology and disease

Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

Enzyme-Induced Vitreolysis Can Alleviate the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy Through the HIF-1α Pathway

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