Vitreoretinal traction is a major factor in causing the haemorrhagic retinopathy of abusive head Injury? – Yes

Levin, Alex V.

doi:10.1038/eye.2009.199

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When retinal haemorrhages are found in infants hospitalised for neurologic problems, a diagnosis of abusive head trauma is often made. Many paediatricians believe that rapid head acceleration and deceleration, such as that produced by violent shaking, can create vitreoretinal traction followed by haemorrhage . This ‘traction theory’ is stated in some medical reviews as a hypothesis , and in others as a simple fact .…”

Section: Symptoms Imaging Findings and Eye Findings In Ten Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infantile retinal haemorrhages in the absence of brain and bodily injury

Scheller¹

2017

Acta Paediatrica

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Section: Symptoms Imaging Findings and Eye Findings In Ten Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infantile retinal haemorrhages in the absence of brain and bodily injury

Scheller¹

2017

Acta Paediatrica

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“…Although some studies examining children with intracranial hemorrhage or increased ICP have not shown a relationship with RHs, these investigations featured confirmation bias and cases with chronic ICP elevations, or extrapolated from clinical signs or symptoms instead of measuring ICP (42)(43)(44)(45). The putative assertion that vitreoretinal traction causes severe RHs in children is a repeated ipse dixit (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage Associated With Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Due to Segmental Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Silloca‐Cabana

Hathuc

Harrison

et al. 2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Fibromuscular dysplasia is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly affects the renal and carotid arteries. We report a child with subarachnoid and ocular hemorrhage associated with an aneurysm due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Computed tomography following a witnessed collapse revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe cerebral edema. An autopsy confirmed the radiographic findings and detected bilateral retinal hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and a ruptured saccular aneurysm due to focal fibromuscular dysplasia involving the intracranial right vertebral artery. This case documents a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child with an intracranial saccular aneurysm caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The associated retinal hemorrhages are easily detected by postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.

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“…According to these studies, direct impact on the infant's head will exert ~50 times more force than isolated shaking, indicating that shaking alone might be insufficient for development of the triad (Duhaime, Gennarelli, Thibault, Bruce, Margulies, & Wiser, 1987;Duhaime, Gennarelli, Sutton, & Schut, 1988;Duhaime et al, 1992;Prange, Coats, Duhaime, & Margulies, 2003). Nevertheless, it has been claimed that violent shaking can cause and is a precondition for developing: a) SDH, supposedly caused by rupture of bridging veins (Squier, 2011), b) RH, supposedly caused by cleavage between the vitreous body and the retina (Squier, 2011;Levin, 2009), and c) encephalopathy, supposedly caused by brain injury where nerve fibers are torn apart, resulting in immediate symptoms, thus leaving no room for a so-called lucid interval between the suspected violent shaking and the onset of symptoms (Squier, 2011, De Leeuw et al, 2013. Symptoms of encephalopathy include seizures, vomiting, dyspnea, lethargy and unconsciousness.…”

Section: The Development Of the Original Unrestricted Aht Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Child Abuse Pediatricians Search for a “Pediatric Vulcan Planet”? Comparison of Controversies about the Vulcan-Must-Exist-Theory and the Infant-Must-Have-Been-Shaken-Theory

Lynøe¹,

Juth²,

Eriksson³

2020

JRPH

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We argue that there are similarities between the Vulcan-must-exist-theory, derived from the Original Unrestricted Newtonian Gravitational (OUNG) theory, on the one hand, and on the other hand the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory, derived from the Original Unrestricted Abusive Head Trauma (OUAHT) theory. Although the Vulcan-must–exist-theory was apparently supported by observations over a period of 50 years, after the introduction of Einstein’s general relativity theory in 1915 and its corroboration in 1919, the alleged planet was subsequently neither observed nor needed. In analogy with the Einstein/Vulcan reasoning, we suggest that the introduction of the non-shaken baby theory by Geddes et al. in 2001-2004 indicates that in cases where an infant displays no external signs of trauma, the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory is no longer needed. Moreover we argue that the two new theories -Einstein’s and Geddes et al.’s- have relevant similarities in terms of the effect on the respective original, unrestricted theory. Just as acceptance of Einstein’s general relativity theory led to the abandonment of the Vulcan-must-exist-theory, it is reasonable to claim that the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory should also be abandoned. We finally argue that while the consequences of abandoning the Vulcan-must-exist-theory were restricted to some scientific and astronomical issues, the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory has not yet been abandoned because of the societal and legal consequences.

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Vitreoretinal traction is a major factor in causing the haemorrhagic retinopathy of abusive head Injury? – Yes

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Infantile retinal haemorrhages in the absence of brain and bodily injury

Infantile retinal haemorrhages in the absence of brain and bodily injury

Hemorrhagic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage Associated With Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Due to Segmental Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Do Child Abuse Pediatricians Search for a “Pediatric Vulcan Planet”? Comparison of Controversies about the Vulcan-Must-Exist-Theory and the Infant-Must-Have-Been-Shaken-Theory

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