Vitreous levels of Lipocalin-2 on patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Abstract

PurposeTo measure vitreous levels of Lipocalin2 (LCN2) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and investigate potential association with presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Materials and methodsCollection of undiluted vitreous samples from 24 patients suffering from RRD and 10 control patients undergoing vitrectomy for: vitreomacular traction (VMT) (n = 2), idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) (n = 6) and full thickness macular hole (FTMH) (n = 2). Quantitative analysis of LCN2 has been made with flow cytometry. Lens status, duration of symptoms, quadrants of detachment, as well as level of PVR, were assessed. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Fisher's exact test.ResultsMedian LCN2 was significantly higher in the RRD group as compared to control (p<0.001). Within the RRD group there was a positive correlation between LCN2 and PVR grade (rs = 0.94, p<0.001). Median LCN2 was 35,759 pg/ml (IR = 55,347) in grade C PVR, 9,387 pg/ml (IR = 3721) in grade B, 4,917 pg/ml (IR = non computable) in grade A and 3,921 pg/ml (2132) in the no PVR group. Median LCN2 was also significantly higher in pseudophakic patients as compared to phakic patients (p = 0.007). LCN2 also correlates with the extend of detachment (≤2 vs >2 quadrants, p<0.001) as well as with duration of symptoms (rs = 0.87, p<0.001). After multivariate linear regression analysis, only PVR was independently related with LCN2 concentration. In particular, increased PVR grading was associated with increased LCN2 concentration (coefficient b = 2.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.89 to 4.67, p<0.001).ConclusionA positive correlation between vitreous levels of LCN2 and PVR grading reveals a potential role in the pathogenesis and progression of PVR. Further studies could elucidate if LCN2 could be a therapeutic target.

Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Vitreous Humor in Ocular Sarcoidosis Compared with Other Vitreoretinal Diseases

“…A report showed increased NGAL expression in response to C. acnes [45]. In particular, NGAL has been reported to be elevated in various inflammatory diseases, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Batsos et al [51] reported that NGAL was highly expressed in the vitreous humor of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.…”

“…In particular, NGAL has been reported to be elevated in various inflammatory diseases, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Batsos et al [51] reported that NGAL was highly expressed in the vitreous humor of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Another report revealed a positive correlation between NGAL concentration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) grade, suggesting that NGAL has a potential role in the pathogenesis and progression of PDR48.…”

Elevated vitreous Lipocalin-2 levels of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

“…We further divided PDR patients (47 eyes) into active PDR (32 eyes) and inactive PDR (15 eyes). The mean vitreous level of LCN2 was 78,465 (23,637) pg/ml in eyes of patients with active PDR and 31,645 (11,122) pg/ml in eyes of patients with inactive PDR. The mean vitreous LCN2 level in active PDR patients was significantly higher than that of the inactive PDR patients (P < 0.001; Fig.…”

Molecular Biologic Milieu in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Literature Review

“…A number of molecular mediators have been found to be increased in cases with PVR as compared to primary RRD; interleukins 4, 5, and 15; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors; stem cell factor; stem cell growth factor; macrophage inflammatory protein 1a; and interferon γ-induced protein 10 [28]. Recently, vitreous levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) have been found to play a potential role in the progression of PVR [72]. Banerjee et al [73] demonstrated a complex pattern of vitreous cytokine concentrations in patients with PVR.…”