Vitreous tesserae from the calidarium mosaics of the Villa dei Quintili, Rome. Chemical composition and production technology

Barca, Donatella; Basso, Elena; Bersani, Danilo; Galli, Giuliana; Invernizzi, Claudia; Russa, Mauro Francesco La; Lottici, Pier Paolo; Malagodi, Marco; Ruffolo, Silvestro Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.037

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Then, the conservation of different mosaics over time is of fundamental importance, attracting the interest of the scientific community including the IRT researchers. Proof of this are the several recently published IRT works, which detect defects, including moisture or characterize the state of degradation and/or the provenance of the superficial components from different types of mosaics [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Thermal Principles for the Automation of the Thermographic Monitoring of Cultural Heritage

Garrido

Lagüela

Сфарра

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The continuous deterioration of elements, with high patrimonial value over time, can only be mitigated or annulled through the application of techniques that facilitate the preventative detection of the possible agents of deterioration. InfraRed Thermography (IRT) is one of the most used techniques for this task. However, there are few IRT methodologies, which can automatically monitor the cultural heritage field, and are vitally important in eliminating the subjectivity in interpreting and accelerating the analysis process. In this work, a study is performed on a tessellatum layer of a mosaic to automatically: (i) Detect the first appearance of the thermal footprint of internal water, (ii) delimit the contours of the thermal footprint of internal water from its first appearance, and (iii) classify between harmful and non-harmful internal water. The study is based on the analysis of the temperature distribution of each thermal image. Five thermal images sequences are acquired during the simulation of different real situations, obtaining a set of promising results for the optimization of the thermographic inspection process, while discussing the following recommended steps to be taken in the study for future researches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Thermal Principles for the Automation of the Thermographic Monitoring of Cultural Heritage

Garrido

Lagüela

Сфарра

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Malayaite, instead, has been found in samples showing various surface colours belonging to different epochs and geographical areas: Ancient Roman emerald green [ 70 ] and the 18th century Portuguese blue [ 71 ] mosaic tesserae, 15th–16th centuries Spanish and Portuguese blue [ 72 ] and turquoise [ 31 ] tiles and the 18th century Lancaster Delftware. [ 73 ] In the case of the investigated B6b sample, the necessary source of tin for malayaite formation can be reasonably identified in the cassiterite introduced as opacifyer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy

Caggiani

Barone

Ferri

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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An analytical investigation performed on Southern Italy pottery highlighted the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy to give answers to archaeological questions. It can provide important information concerning the production technology and raw materials constituting the glassy coatings. Raman spectroscopy was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) for observations and elemental analysis. The studied samples, ranging from the 13th century lead‐tin‐glazed protomajolica to the 15th –16th enamelled pottery, come from the Castles of Montella and Ariano Irpino (Campania), from the castles of Scicli and Modica and from surveys carried out in Buscemi and Caltagirone (Sicily). Glassy matrices, opacifying agents, colour‐related raw materials and body‐coating interface crystalline phases were investigated. Though the coatings resulted all typically lead‐rich glass types, lumps showing a different Raman profile suggested that at least in one case, the batch was adultered with recycled glass waste. Furthermore, samples coming from Montella, belonging to the three main classes of ceramics defined by archaeological hypothesis, could be grouped according to their cassiterite content. The crystallization of lead–potassium feldspars at the coating‐body interface in a group of samples was ascertained. With regard to the origin of colours, the spectra of blue coatings highlighted phases that can be traced back to the use of Co‐based and Co–As‐based raw materials, while turquoise decorations were found to contain malayaite.

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“…Cluster 1 includes fragments USPAR-01, 02, 05, 07, 09 and 11, characterized by very low rubidium (4-12 ppm) and high strontium (384-538 ppm). This is indicative of the soda-lime glass characteristic of the Roman and Early Medieval periods (Barca et al, 2016;Freestone, Degryse, Lankton, Gratuze, & Schneider, 2018;Hellemans, Cagno, Bogana, Janssens, & Mendera, 2019).…”

Section: Raw Materials Originmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Tinted green and blue-green fragments USPAR-01, USPAR-07, USPAR-11 have elevated amounts of copper (155-1367 ppm), antimony (233-3731 ppm) and lead (261-1805 ppm), and in the case of USPAR-11 tin (116 ppm) as well. Due to the small amount of these elements comparing to the amount found in Roman tesserae (Barca et al, 2016;, the weakly colored appearance of the fragments and a positive correlation of antimony and copper prove that a green colored tesserae was added to the batch confirming the practice of recycling. The elevation of these elements in the weakly colored glass is encountered on various sites such as San Vincenzo al Volturno (Schibille & Freestone, 2013) and Crypta Balbi in Rome (Mirti, Lepora, & Sagui, 2000).…”

Section: Clustermentioning

confidence: 92%

Evidencing Human Occupation of a Small Island Through Ancient Glass: The Case of Ustica (Palermo, Italy)

2020

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The subject of this study consists of 17 ancient glass fragments from the island of Ustica (Palermo, Italy) obtained from local museums. All the 17 glass fragments are stratigraphically decontextualized, as they were collected by archaeological surface surveys. Each fragment was analyzed by Electron Micro Probe Analyzer coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray System (EMPA-EDS) and by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the composition of major, minor and trace elements. Surface analyses revealed the presence of corrosion layers in most of the glass fragments which was evident also in the chemical data. Nevertheless, reconstruction of the glassmaking processes and the approximate period of production was possible for almost all the glass fragments. Less than half of the examined fragments are attributable to recognizable typologies as unguentaria, beakers, bottles, and vases; all the other small fragments are typologically undetermined. Out of 17 fragments only one fragment is of HLLA composition possibly being produced in 17th–18th century AD, while all the others can be attributed to soda glass with different periods of production: natron glass from Roman and Early Medieval period, plant-ash glass from High or Late Medieval period with the exception of possible Byzantine glass from 6th century AD, and synthetic soda glasses typical of modern era. These data confirm the discontinuous habitation of the island from the Roman period as well as the import of glass objects to the island.

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Vitreous tesserae from the calidarium mosaics of the Villa dei Quintili, Rome. Chemical composition and production technology

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Development of Thermal Principles for the Automation of the Thermographic Monitoring of Cultural Heritage

Development of Thermal Principles for the Automation of the Thermographic Monitoring of Cultural Heritage

Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy

Evidencing Human Occupation of a Small Island Through Ancient Glass: The Case of Ustica (Palermo, Italy)

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