Vitrification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator

Park, Young Jun; Heo, Jong

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00362-4

Cited by 244 publications

(107 citation statements)

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Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…However, some previously published data suggested that the K content in our study was actually lower [42]. This again reflects the wide variations expected in MSW and was possibly due to a higher concentration of salty food wastes and plastic materials in the MSW, however, the current results generally agree with those of Park et al [42]. Similarly a comparison of the present study with others studies shows that the Ca content was almost identical to two previously published papers [43,44], but lower than other published papers [41,45].…”

Section: Composition Of Mswcontrasting

confidence: 74%

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Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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This paper explores the possibility of using an industrially processed municipal solid waste (MSW) for cellulase enzyme production via solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Both fungi grew well on the MSW substrate and production of cellulase enzymes was optimized for temperature, moisture content, inoculation and period of incubation. The effect of additional minerals, and alternative carbon and nitrogen sources were also examined.Following optimization a cellulase activity of 26.10 ± 3.09 FPU/g could be produced using T. reesei at 30°C with a moisture content of 60% with an inoculums of 0.5 million spores/g and incubation for 168 hours. Addition of extra nitrogen and/or carbon did not improve cellulase accumulation. Acid or alkali pretreatment of MSW led to reduced cellulase production. Crude enzymes produced from MSW by T. reesei were evaluated for their ability to release glucose from MSW. A cellulose hydrolysis yield of 24.7% was achieved, which was close to that obtained using a commercial enzyme. Results demonstrated that MSW can be used as an inexpensive lignocellulosic material for the production of cellulase enzymes. Research has revealed that T. reesei can produce 13.4 FPU/g cellulase activity using water hyacinth [8]; 154.58 FPU/g using sugar cane bagasse [10]; 8.2 FPU/g using oil palm empty fruit bunches [11]; and 1.16 FPU/g using rice bran [12] as substrates. Similarly it has been reported that A. Niger could produce 24 FPU/g cellulase activity using wheat straw as a substrate [13]. Other substrates such as banana peel, rice straw, corn cob residue, rice husk, banana fruit stalk, and coconut coir pith have all being used for cellulase production [14,15]. Optimizing Cellulase Production fromAlthough MSW can contain a high lignocellulosic content, there has been limited research into the use of MSW for cellulase production. Other research demonstrated the possibility of using MSW to produce cellulase via SSF. But by using raw not autoclave MSW [16,17]. In this paper, we report an example of using an industrially processed MSW for cellulase production and then the use of the resulting "cellulase cocktail" for the enzymatic hydrolysis of MSW. Materials and Methods Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste (MSW) was kindly supplied by Wilson Steam Storage Ltd (UK). The MSW had been subjected to commercial steam 15 min, respectively. After autoclaving, samples were neutralized to pH 7.0 using either 1 M NaOH or 1 M H 2 SO 4 as appropriate. The samples were then centrifuged at 5000 rpm (4472 g) for 10 min. The solid fraction (pellet) was rinsed three times by adding distilled water to the pellet and re-centrifuged. The solid fraction was then dried overnight at room temperature. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and ApplicationsMicroorganisms: Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei QM6a and Aspergillus niger N402 were kindly donated by Professor David Archer (University of Nottingham, UK). Procedures for storing and cultivating T. reesei and A. n...

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Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Composition Of Mswcontrasting

confidence: 74%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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“…So, in industrial glassmaking furnaces using typically temperatures around 1400 °C, the direct vitrification of ESP ash is possible without any additives, because the silica content is enough to form a glass. On the contrary, semi-dry scrubber residues are more refractory with high amounts of calcium, and additives, such as Na 2 CO 3 or SiO 2 , are necessary to melt these residues at lower temperatures than their melting one [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors

Forestier

Libourel

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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To cite this version:Lydie Le Forestier, Guy Libourel. High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Elsevier, 2008, 154, pp.373-380 AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) flue gas residues require further treatment prior to disposal or reuse, and vitrification is one of the main solidification-stabilization processes. This paper investigates the high temperature behavior of MSW flue gas residues, performed in laboratory experiments up to 1400°C, and coupled with thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray diffraction, chemical and electron microprobe analyses. Melting temperatures of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash are in the range of 1202-1272 °C, whereas semi-dry scrubber residues melt between 1900 and 2300 °C. We show that the mean liquidus temperature of flue gas residues can be simply evaluated from their CaO content, by using the CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ternary diagram. For ESP ash, the liquidus phase is a Zn-rich aluminous spinel, followed by anorthite at 1225 °C, and melilite at 1190 °C. The total mass loss reaches 18 wt.% at 1300 °C. Moreover, 90% of evaporation takes place below 1000 °C, linked to evaporation of C, Cl, S, Na, K, and of the toxic metals Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu. Due to the high partial pressure of chlorine during heating, chloride is the most probable form of evaporation for Cd, Pb, and Cu. However, most of Zn, Cr, Ni, Sb and Sn remain in the vitrified product.

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“…From the mobility data of crust metals (Al, Ca, and Mg) incorporated in the slag matrix, it can be found that with the addition of glass former, the chemical stability of metals in slag is increased as a more compact and interconnected glass network structure is formed. 17,18 Phase Distributions of Anthropogenic Metals The phase distributions of anthropogenic metal species, including Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in ash and slags are shown in Figure 3a-f, respectively. In A0, the fractions of Cd in the first three phases were 44.9 Ϯ 6.5, 14.1 Ϯ 2.2, and 21.1 Ϯ 9%, respectively.…”

Section: Phase Distributions Of Crust Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

Kuo

Lin

Tsai

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The final disposal of ash from an incinerator is of special concern because of the possibility of its releasing toxic substances. Melting/vitrification has been regarded as a prospective technology of ash treatment. The object of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of silica (SiO 2 ) addition on the immobilization of hazardous metals and the encapsulation of a glass network during the vitrification process. Four specimens with SiO 2 /fly ash mixing ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively, were tested. The mobility of metals in slag was then estimated by a sequential extraction procedure. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that SiO 2 leads to the polymerization of silicates.The encapsulation of aluminum, calcium, and magnesium would not be observed unless adequate amount of SiO 2 was added. It was also found that SiO 2 addition enhances the formation of a compact and interconnected glass network structure and, thus, contributes to the chemical stability of metals in slag. After vitrification, the mobility of cadmium, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc was significantly reduced. However, there is no significant correlation between the immobilization of these metals and the addition of SiO 2 . INTRODUCTIONIncineration, an important technology for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW), is used in many countries. 1 In addition to flue gas, MSW ashes (including fly ash and bottom ash) pose a big threat to the environment. 2 Direct landfilling of MSW ashes is no longer an appropriate strategy because of the dwindling number of final disposal sites and the risk of releasing organic toxics and heavy metals. Melting/vitrification has been developed as a proper technology in the further stabilization of ashes, radioactive waste, or sewage sludge. [3][4][5] This technology not only reduces the volume of waste and the mobility of metals but also destroys toxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or dioxins. 6 -9 The leaching of hazardous metals has been controlled by stringent regulations. 10 However, a leaching test does not preclude potential long-term pollution. On the other hand, the behavior of the main constituents in a glass network might serve as an indicator for prolonged structure deterioration in slag. During vitrification, the chemical composition of the ternary system (silica [SiO 2 ]-alumina [Al 2 O 3 ]-lime [CaO]) is a major factor controlling the formation of the slag structure. 3,11 Among these constitutes, SiO 2 is of the greatest importance for the main constituents in a glass network when fly ash is vitrified. 12 Therefore, this study focused on the effect of SiO 2 addition on vitrification.In this investigation, the mobility of anthropogenic metals was evaluated by a sequential extraction procedure. Similar methods have been applied to estimate the phase distributions in our previous work and other reports. 8,13 When the slag is recycled, its properties deserve more investigation to insure environmental safety. In previous studies, the ...

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Vitrification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator

Cited by 244 publications

References 10 publications

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors

Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

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Vitrification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator

Cited by 244 publications

References 10 publications

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors

Effect of SiO2 on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

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Product

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Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag