2023
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00137
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Vitrification of the Entire Amorphous Phase during Crystallization of Poly(butylene terephthalate) near the Glass-Transition Temperature

Abstract: The isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly­(butylene terephthalate) at low temperatures near the glass transition was investigated by using chip-sensor fast scanning calorimetry. The Avrami analysis revealed that the Avrami index underwent a systematic change from 4 to less than 2 in the low-temperature peak of the crystallization rate, and significantly low crystallinity was achieved in the primary stage near the glass-transition temperature. The mechanism was ascribed to the inhibition of the crystal gr… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…In the previous reports examining the Avrami exponent n , , which characterizes the nucleation mode of crystal domains, an exponent value of n ≅ 3 was obtained in the high-temperature peak, consistent with the growth of spherical domains of spherulites initiated by nucleation from foreign heterogeneities. Furthermore, in the low-temperature peak, the exponent n increased from 3 to 4 as the temperature decreased, as observed for sPP and iPP, , and with a further temperature decrease, n decreased below 2 near T g .…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 75%
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“…In the previous reports examining the Avrami exponent n , , which characterizes the nucleation mode of crystal domains, an exponent value of n ≅ 3 was obtained in the high-temperature peak, consistent with the growth of spherical domains of spherulites initiated by nucleation from foreign heterogeneities. Furthermore, in the low-temperature peak, the exponent n increased from 3 to 4 as the temperature decreased, as observed for sPP and iPP, , and with a further temperature decrease, n decreased below 2 near T g .…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 75%
“…Prior studies on PBT reported changes in the above-mentioned nucleation modes and crystal morphologies . As we reported previously, , the nucleation and growth kinetics also showed characteristic differences in the respective peak regions. Regarding crystallization kinetics, the Avrami model (Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami, KJMA model), which describes the nucleation and subsequent growth of crystal domains, is applicable. In the KJMA model, the evolution of total crystallinity, i.e., volume fraction of crystal domains, ϕ over time is expressed by the following equation based on the extended volume concept in terms of an extended volume fraction ϕ 0 , which allows overlap between domains ϕ 0 ( t ) = prefix− ln nobreak0em0.25em⁡ ( 1 ϕ ) Furthermore, ϕ 0 can be expressed by the homogeneous nucleation rate I or the nuclei density of foreign heterogeneities N 0 , and linear growth rate G .…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 73%
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“…9). 31–33 One can evaluate the Avrami constants n and k from this plot. These two constants are listed in Table 3.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%