Vivax malaria resistant to chloroquine: case reports from Bombay

Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in India via sentinel sites: outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure, 2009–2010

“…Although chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was first reported near the India-Myanmar border in 1973, 4 chloroquine-resistant P. vivax was unknown in India until 1995, when two cases of infection with resistant P. vivax were detected in Mumbai. 5 In 1978, the National Malaria Eradication Programme (now the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, or NVBDCP) created six regional monitoring teams. 6 For many years, the Malaria Research Centre (now the National Institute of Malaria Research, or NIMR) and other organizations supported a wide range of monitoring efforts in addition to the routine work of these regional teams.…”

Assessing drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to halofantrine or choroquine in southern, central Vietnam using an extended 28-day in vivo test and polymerase chain reaction genotyping.

“…[1][2][3] Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax (CRPV) is now emerging and has been reported in Papua New Guinea, 4 India, 5 Burma, 6 Guyana, 7 and Indonesia. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax is currently a significant public health problem in Irian Jaya, where documented treatment failure rates are as high as 78% at 28 days.…”

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in transmigration settlements of West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

“…The first report of clinical resistance came from Papua New Guinea in 1989 1 followed by successive reports of chloroquine-resistant vivax malaria from Irian Jaya, [2][3][4][5] Myanmar, 6,7 India, 8 Sumatra, 9 and Sulawesi. 10 In the New World, chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax has been described in Guyana.…”