Vlax Roma history: what do coalescent-based methods tell us?

Chaix, Raphaëlle; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Morar, Bharti; Kalaydjieva, Luba; Heyer, Évelyne

doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201126

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…A clear difference, however, was present in the Vlax-Roma, gypsies living in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Romania, Albania, and Hungary (30), in which a small number of individuals were heterozygous for this polymorphism. The Vlax-Roma account for a substantial proportion of the overall Romani population (11). The Roma population is an Eastern Indo-European population that, after splitting from the Western Indo-Europeans, established themselves in North India (26,41) before migrating into Europe relatively late (900 to 1,100 years ago) (19,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms in Populations of Various Ethnic and Geographic Origins

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACTUpon the invasion of the host by microorganisms, innate immunity is triggered through pathogen recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-studied class of PRRs, and they recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from various microorganisms. A large number of studies have shown that genetic variation in TLRs may influence susceptibility to infections. We assessed the genetic variation ofTLR2, which encodes one of the most important TLRs, in various populations around the globe and correlated it with changes in the function of the molecule. The three best-known nonsynonymousTLR2polymorphisms (1892C>A, 2029C>T, and 2258G>A) were assessed in different populations from the main continental masses: Romanians, Vlax-Roma, Dutch (European populations), Han Chinese (East Asia), Dogon, Fulani (Africa), and Trio Indians (America). The 2029C>T polymorphism was absent in both European and non-European populations, with the exception of the Vlax-Roma, suggesting that this polymorphism most likely arose in Indo-Aryan people after migration into South Asia. The 1892C>A polymorphism that was found exclusively in European populations, but not in Asian, African, or American volunteers, probably occurred in proto-Indo-Europeans. Interestingly, 2258G>A was present only in Europeans, including Vlax-Roma, but at a very low frequency. The differential pattern of theTLR2polymorphisms in various populations may explain some of the differences in susceptibility to infections between these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms in Populations of Various Ethnic and Geographic Origins

et al. 2012

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“…Morar et al (2004) estimated the coalescent time in the entire Roma population for the mutation causing HMSNL to be *850 years. This means that it predates the split of the Vlax Roma to numerous subgroups, which is dated to *500 years (Kalaydjieva et al, 2001a;Chaix et al, 2004). The age and distribution of the mutation in most Roma groups implies its existence in the proto-Roma population, and we can assume that the mutation detected in the Croatian Bayash Roma founder population represents a genetic legacy of this original proto-Roma group.…”

Section: Bareš Ić and Perič Ić Salihovićmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For GM1, carrier rates are for the general Roma population and Rudari subisolate in the Vlax migration category (Sinigerska et al, 2006). introduced through intermarriage with Bayash Roma from Serbia (Chaix et al, 2004), where it was also noted (Dačković et al, 2008), and that the Croatian Bayash founder population originally did not have it. This could also explain the difference in carrier rates between the MeCimurje and Baranja Bayash Roma populations.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The period of slavery had a profound influence on the social structure of the Vlax Roma and during this time, the once homogenous group became separated into many different subgroups that started to differentiate among themselves (Fraser, 1992;Chaix et al, 2004). Changes in the social structure combined with the practice of endogamy, eventually led to changes in the genetic structure, and as a result of this, present-day Vlax Roma groups have diverse genetic signatures.…”

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Carrier Rates of Four Single-Gene Disorders in Croatian Bayash Roma

Barešić

Salihović

2014

Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers

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To assess how specific population history, different migration routes, isolation, and endogamy practices contributed to the distribution of several rare diseases found in specific Roma groups, we conducted a populationbased research study of rare disease mutations in Croatian Vlax Roma. We tested a total of 427 subjects from Baranja and MeCimurje for the presence of four mutations causing hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type Lom (HMSNL), GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1), congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism and neuropathy (CCFDN), and limb girdle muscle dystrophy type 2C (LGMD2C), using the RFLP-PCR method to estimate carrier frequencies. We identified a total of four individuals heterozygous for the mutation causing HMSNL in the Baranja population, with a carrier rate amounting to 1.5%. Carriers for other three mutations causing GM1, CCFDN, and LGMD2C were not found in our sample. The carrier rate for the HMSNL mutation in Baranja is lower than in other Vlax Roma groups. In addition, distinct differences in carrier rates between the Croatian Vlax groups point to different genetic history, despite their belonging to the same Roma migration category and subgroup. The difference in carrier rates is either the result of admixture or the reflection of a greater extent of genetic drift since recent founding, maintained by a high degree of endogamy.

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“…Within these autochthonous European populations, there was only one significant pairwise F st value (Budapest to France, F st =0.004, p=0.04), whose significance is eliminated with the application of the Bonferroni correction. Despite the distinctiveness of the Romani populations at the level of haplogroup representation, consistent with a common ancestry, there are clearly factors that restrict matrilineal gene flow among various Romani groups, even those within close geographical proximity (see also [7,8,38]). The Budapest sample, on the other hand, is quite similar to other autochthonous European samples and there appears to be no basis for treating the Budapest population sample separately from other combined European databases for the purposes of forensic comparisons.…”

Section: Population Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hungarian mtDNA population databases from Budapest and the Baranya county Roma

et al. 2006

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To facilitate forensic mtDNA testing in Hungary, we have generated control region databases for two Hungarian populations: 211 individuals were sampled from the urban Budapest population and 208 individuals were sampled from a Romani ("gypsy") population in Baranya county. Sequences were generated using a highly redundant approach to minimize potential database errors. The Budapest population had high sequence diversity with 180 lineages, 183 polymorphic positions, and a random match probability of 1%. In contrast, the Romani population exhibited low sequence diversity, with only 56 lineages, 109 segregating sites, and a random match probability of 8.8%. The mtDNA haplogroup compositions of the two populations were also distinct, with the large proportion of haplogroup M samples (35%) in the Roma the most obvious difference between the two populations. These factors highlight the importance of considering population structure when generating reference databases for forensic testing purposes. Comparisons between our Romani population sample and other published data indicate the need for heightened caution when sampling and using mtDNA databases of small endogamous populations. The Romani populations that we compared showed significant departures from genetic uniformity.

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Vlax Roma history: what do coalescent-based methods tell us?

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Different Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms in Populations of Various Ethnic and Geographic Origins

Different Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms in Populations of Various Ethnic and Geographic Origins

Carrier Rates of Four Single-Gene Disorders in Croatian Bayash Roma

Hungarian mtDNA population databases from Budapest and the Baranya county Roma

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