VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of <i>Leptospira</i>
 sp. of animal origin in Brazil

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert; Loureiro, Ana Paula; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1111/lam.13008

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, at serovar level, we did not observe a clear geographic pattern, which was also reflected in their environmental preferences, evidencing the diversity of environmental conditions where Leptospira exposure can occur. Recent efforts have been made to understand the environmental tolerances of Leptospira at serovar level (Fouts et al, ; Guernier et al, ; Jaeger, Loureiro, & Lilenbaum, ; Zarantonelli et al, ), as well as to identify potential risk areas for future leptospirosis outbreaks (Sánchez‐Montes et al, ; Zhao et al, ). However, there have been no studies able to forecast regions where high‐transmission risk exists and where disease surveillance and control strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in tropical environments where conditions favour pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of leptospirosis remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, we suggest to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a subtropical area of Brazil where leptospirosis is endemic to (a) highlight environmental conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (b) reconstruct its geographic distribution. An ecological niche modelling framework was used to characterize and compare Leptospira serovars in both geographic and environmental space. Our results show that despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by serovar, Sejroe being the most asymmetric (<0.15). Most important predictors for the potential distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%). Identification of environmental preferences will allow epidemiologists to better infer the presence of a serovar based on the environmental characteristics of regions rather than inferences based solely on historical epidemiological records. Including geographic and ecological ranges of serovars also may help to forecast transmission potential of Leptospira in public health and the food animal practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the geographic similarities exhibited by each serovar, they showed different environmental preferences, evidencing the diversity of environmental conditions where Leptospira exposure can occur. Recent efforts have been made to understand the environmental tolerances of Leptospira at serovar level (Fouts et al, 2016; Guernier et al, 2017; Jaeger et al, 2018; Zarantonelli et al, 2018), as well as to identify potential risk areas for future leptospirosis outbreaks (Sánchez-Montes et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2016). However, there have been no studies able to forecast regions where high-transmission risk exists and where disease surveillance and control strategies (e.g., vaccination) would have better impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health 21 due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in 22 2 tropical environments where conditions favor pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of 23 Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks 24 can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can 25 occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of Leptospirosis 26 remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings 27 public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, 28 we propose to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a 29 subtropical area of Brazil where Leptospirosis is endemic to (i) highlight environmental 30 conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (ii) reconstruct its 31 geographical distribution. An ecological niche modeling framework was used to characterize and 32 compare Leptospira serovars in both geographical and environmental space. Our results show 33 that, despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found 34 ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were 35 expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by 36 serovar, being Sejroe the most asymmetric. Most important predictors for the potential 37distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%).

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“…Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis, with a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals, caused by Leptospira pathogenic spirochetes (Correia et al, 2018;Daud et al, 2018;Jaeger et al, 2018;Zarantonelli et al, 2018), which has a large number of serovars, similarity of which is essential for effective diagnosis (Arent et al, 2012;Mughini-Gras et al, 2013). The disease is common in most regions of the world, particularly in Latin America (Correia et al, 2018;Guedes et al, 2019), Oceania (Subharat et al, 2012;Dreyfus et al, 2018;Reichel et al, 2018), Southeast Asia (Chadsuthi et al, 2018;Shrestha et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical parameters of blood in cows in latent course of leptospirosis

Holovakha

Slyusarenko

Petrenko

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Changes in the biochemical parameters of blood in cows in the latent course of leptospirosis have been studied by the results of the reaction of microagglutination (RMA). The dynamics of biochemical blood parameters is manifested by hyperproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis, hyperfermentemia, mineral metabolism disorders, in particular hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, indicating the development of hepatopathy which should be classified as hepatocholangitis. It was determined that the pathological process is manifested in all animals for the titer of antibodies to one or another Leptospira serovar. Significant changes from the side of the hepatobiliary system in infested cows for the antibody titer kabura equaling 1:100, polonica 1:200, ballum 1:100, szvajzak 1:100–1:200, bratislava 1:800 and in animals for the titers kabura of 1:100–1:200; polonium 1:100; szvajzak 1:100–1:200; ballum 1:100; bratislava 1:100–1:200. At leptospirosis caused by bratislava and ballum serovars, a disorder of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system, characterized by an increase in the level of total protein, bilirubin, AST, GGTP and ALP activity was diagnosed as the urea, calcium and phosphorus levels in blood decreased. In the case of the latent course of the disease caused by kabura, polonica, szvajzak, ballumand bratislava serovars, a probably higher concentration of bilirubin, activity of aminotransferases (AST and ALAT), GGTP and ALP was determined in comparison to clinically healthy animals. In cows, in the presence of antibody titers kabura 1:100, polonica 1:200, ballum 1:100, szvajzak 1:100–1:200; bratislava 1:800, in 22.2% of cases, we recorded increase in the total protein against the background of dysproteinemia in 50.0–88.9% of animals, and increase in bilirubin in 78.6%, and increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes (AST, ALAT, GGTP, ALP), and also hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in 33.3–100.0%. The conducted studies indicate that in latent leptospirosis in cows, in addition to etiotropic therapy, one should include in the protocol the pharmacological correction preparations, which would contribute to the restoration of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system.

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VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of Leptospira sp. of animal origin in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Biochemical parameters of blood in cows in latent course of leptospirosis

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