VO2 kinetics and bioenergetic responses to sets performed at 90%, 92.5%, and 95% of 400-m front crawl speed in male swimmers

Matos, Cristiano Cardoso de; Marinho, Daniel A.; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Castro, Flávio Antônio de Souza

doi:10.1007/s11332-022-00903-6

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Another possible explanation to consider is that values greater than a 10% reduction in SR can lead to a decrease in TTE. Furthermore, de Matos et al [9], in the free SR condition, found the following TTE results: 1466.1 ± 730 s, 888.7 ± 324 s, and 562.7 ± 166 s, respectively for 90, 92.5 and 95% of the S400, similar results to the present study in the free SR condition at 95%. The assessment of VȮ 2 kinetics, energy parameters, and TTE…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The slow component was not identified, so the monoexponential model was the best adjust in all individuals, like in previous studies (e.g. ; Table 2 -r model between 0.92-0.99) [7,9,17]. Examples of an individual VȮ 2 kinetics response in the free, fixed, reduced, and increased SR conditions are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Reis et al [32] compared swimming speeds in severe and heavy intensities in the free SR condition, and found higher Ap values at higher velocities (respectively, Ap: 40.6 ± 4.8 and 36.5 ± 5.0 ml•kg −1 •min −1 ). Furthermore, de Matos et al [9] found higher Ap values at higher velocities (respectively, Ap: 34.8 ± 4.9, 37.6 ± 6.9 and 41.0 ± 7.3 ml•kg −1 •min −1 ). However, the amplitude of VȮ 2 kinetics was higher with an increasing cadence in cycling during…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2 to different energy conditions of expert swimmers in middle-and long-distance races [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possibly due to the environmental differences between swimming and other modes of cyclic locomotion, the control of different SR imposed on (i) VȮ 2 kinetics, (ii) TTE, and (iii) physiological parameters are almost unexplored in swimming science. So far, studies have aimed to characterise VȮ 2 kinetics in swimming [9,[17][18][19]. However, to our…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

et al. 2022

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The study aimed to assess the effect of different front crawl stroke rates (SR) in the oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics and V̇O2 peak, the total time to exhaustion (TTE), and blood lactate concentration ([La]) at 95% of the 400-m front crawl test (T400) mean speed (S400). Twelve endurance swimmers performed a T400 and four trials at 95% of the S400: (i) free SR, (ii) fixed SR (100% of the average free SR trial), (iii) reduced SR (90% of the average free SR trial), and (iv) increased SR (110% of the average free SR trial). V̇O2 was accessed continuously with breath-by-breath analysis. The results highlighted: (i) the time constant at increased SR (13.3 ± 4.2 s) was lower than in reduced the SR condition (19.5 ± 2.6 s); (ii) the amplitude of the primary phase of V̇O2 kinetics in the fixed SR (44.0 ± 5.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) was higher than in the increased SR condition (39.5 ± 6.4 ml·kg-1·min-1); and (iii) TTE was lower in the fixed SR (396.1 ± 189.7 s) than the increased SR condition (743.0 ± 340.0 s). The results indicate that controlled SR could be considered a swimming training strategy, focusing on physiological parameters overload.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2 to different energy conditions of expert swimmers in middle-and long-distance races [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

et al. 2022

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Repeatability of ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical responses to an intermittent incremental swimming protocol

Monteiro

Carvalho²,

Elói³

et al. 2022

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the repeatability of ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical variables assessed at a large spectrum of front crawl swimming intensities. We hypothesized a strong agreement (combined with a small range of variation) between a typical step protocol performed in two experimental moments. Approach: Forty competitive swimmers performed a 7 x 200 m front crawl intermittent incremental protocol (0.05 m∙s-1 velocity rises and 30 s intervals) on two different occasions (48-72 h apart). Pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation were continuously measured breath-by-breath, metabolic variables were assessed during the intervals and biomechanical analysis was done at every protocol step. Main results: Concomitantly with the velocity increment, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, respiratory frequency, respiratory exchange ratio, averaged expiratory concentrations, end tidal oxygen and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide and blood lactate concentrations rose (p < 0.001), averaged expiratory concentrations and end tidal carbon dioxide and duration of inspiration, expiration and total breathing cycle decreased (p < 0.001), while tidal volume and volumes of oxygen and carbon dioxide expired maintained constant. Stroke frequency and stroke length increased and decreased (respectively) with the swimming velocity raise. No differences between experimental moments were observed in most of the assessed variables (p > 0.05), with a low dispersion (0.49-9.94%) except for lactate concentrations and inspiration and expiration durations (11.00-17.16%). Moderate-nearly perfect direct relationships and a good-excellent degree of reliability between moments were verified for all the assessed variables (r = 0.50-1.00, ICC = 0.76-1.00, p < 0.001), except for respiratory exchange ratio. Significance: The reliability analysis confirmed the repeatability of the assessed ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical variables, with the obtained data well representing swimmers physiological condition when monitoring performance through a commonly used step protocol.

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Aerobic capacity in swimming, cycling and arm cranking in swimmers aged 11–13 years

Maconyte,

Stasiule,

Juodsnukis

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background This study aimed to compare the aerobic capacity in swimming, cycling and arm cranking in swimmers aged 11–13 years. Methods Eleven swimmers (mean age, 12.1 ± 1.0 years) performed three incremental exercise tests. One of the tests was performed under specific conditions (front crawl swimming), and the other two were under non–specific conditions (cycling and arm cranking). Data on the pulmonary gas exchange were recorded using the portable analyser MetaMax 3B (Cortex, Leipzig, Germany). One-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was employed to test the null hypothesis and determine statistically significant differences between the indicators obtained under specific and non–specific testing conditions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationships between the indicators of the pulmonary gas exchange. Results The relative peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 peak) value during swimming was 49.3 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min, which was higher than that during arm cranking (39.6 ± 7.3 mL/kg/min; P < 0.01) but lower than that during cycling (54.3 ± 7.8 mL/kg/min; P < 0.01). The peak minute ventilation (V̇ E peak) value during swimming (84.9 ± 12.6 L/min) was higher than that during arm cranking (69.4 ± 18.2 L/min; P < 0.01) but lower than that during cycling (98.4 ± 15.4 L/min; P < 0.01). Strong positive correlations were observed in the absolute and relative V̇O 2 peak values between swimming and cycling ( r = 0.857, P < 0.01; r = 0.657, P < 0.05) and between swimming and arm cranking ( r = 0.899, P < 0.01; r = 0.863, P < 0.05). A strong positive correlation was also observed in V̇ E peak values between swimming and arm cranking ( r = 0.626, P < 0.05). Conclusion Swimmers aged 11–13 years showed V̇O 2 peak and V̇ E peak values during the specific swimming test greater than those during arm cranking but lower than those during cycling. However, aerobic capacity parameters measured during specific swimming conditions correlated with those measured during non–specific arm cranking and cycling conditions.

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VO2 kinetics and bioenergetic responses to sets performed at 90%, 92.5%, and 95% of 400-m front crawl speed in male swimmers

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

Repeatability of ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical responses to an intermittent incremental swimming protocol

Aerobic capacity in swimming, cycling and arm cranking in swimmers aged 11–13 years

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