VOC source–receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II

Leuchner, Michael; Rappenglück, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.029

Cited by 199 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…29.717639 • /-95.341250 • , 4 km southeast of downtown Houston (see Fig. 1 (Gilpin et al, 1997;Cárdenas et al, 2000;Klemp et al, 2003;Hak et al, 2005;Apel et al, 2008;Wisthaler et al, 2008). The limit of detection for the three HCHO instruments ranged from 50-120 pptv (three times signal-to-noise ratio); the estimated uncertainty was ∼10%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) is one of the major metropolitan areas in the US that is classified as a nonattainment area of federal ozone standards. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key species in understanding ozone related air pollution; some of the highest HCHO concentrations in North America have been reported for the HGA. We report on HCHO measurements in the HGA from summer 2006. Among several sites, maximum HCHO mixing ratios were observed in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), a region with a very high density of industrial/petrochemical operations.HCHO levels at the Moody Tower (MT) site close to downtown were dependent on the wind direction: southerly maritime winds brought in background levels (0.5-1 ppbv) while trajectories originating in the HSC resulted in high HCHO (up to 31.5 ppbv). Based on the best multiparametric linear regression model fit, the HCHO levels at the MT site can be accounted for as follows: 38.5±12.3% from primary vehicular emissions (using CO as an index of vehicular emission), 24.1±17.7% formed photochemically (using peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) as an index of photochemical activity) and 8.9±11.2% from industrial emissions (using SO 2 as an index of industrial emissions). The balance 28.5±12.7% constituted the residual which cannot be easily ascribed to the above categories and/or which is transported into the HGA. The CO related HCHO fraction is dominant during the morning rush hour (06:00-09:00 h, all times are given in CDT); on a carbon basis, HCHO emissions are up to 0.7% of the CO emissions. The SO 2 related HCHO Correspondence to: B. Rappenglück (brappenglueck@uh.edu) fraction is significant between 09:00-12:00 h. After 12:00 h HCHO is largely formed through secondary processes. The HCHO/PAN ratios are dependent on the SO 2 levels. The SO 2 related HCHO fraction at the downtown site originates in the ship channel. Aside from traffic-related primary HCHO emissions, HCHO of industrial origin serves as an appreciable source for OH in the morning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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“…Volatile organic compounds (C 2 -C 10 ) were measured by University of Houston (5.4 % and 10.2 % uncertainty for alkanes and alkenes, respectively) with a gas chromatographic system coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) (Leuchner and Rappenglück, 2010). Other organic compounds were measured by Washington State University with a PTR-MS (20 % uncertainty) (Jobson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Measured P (O 3 ) and Description Of The Sharp Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of ozone production rates in Houston in 2009 and comparison with two estimation methods

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Net ozone production rates, P (O 3 ), were measured directly using the Penn State Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP, 2009). Measured P (O 3 ) peaked in the late morning, with values between 15 ppbv h −1 and 100 ppbv h −1 , although values of 40-80 ppbv h −1 were typical for higher ozone days. These measurements were compared against ozone production rates calculated using measurements of hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ), hydroxyl (OH), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals, called "calculated P (O 3 )". The same comparison was done using modeled radicals obtained from a box model with the RACM2 mechanism, called "modeled P (O 3 )". Measured and calculated P (O 3 ) had similar peak values but the calculated P (O 3 ) tended to peak earlier in the morning when NO values were higher. Measured and modeled P (O 3 ) had a similar dependence on NO, but the modeled P (O 3 ) was only half the measured P (O 3 ). The modeled P (O 3 ) is less than the calculated P (O 3 ) because the modeled HO 2 is less than the measured HO 2 . While statistical analyses are not conclusive regarding the comparison between MOPS measurements and the two estimation methods, the calculated P (O 3 ) with measured HO 2 produces peak values similar to the measured P (O 3 ) when ozone is high. Although the MOPS is new and more testing is required to verify its observations, the measurements in the SHARP field campaign show the potential of this new technique for contributing to the understanding of ozone-producing chemistry and to the monitoring of ozone's response to future air quality regulatory actions.

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“…These results were ascribed to higher emissions from motor vehicles at RCS (residential-commercial complex area) and TJS (traffic junction area) in Seoul compared to the IMP (Pohang) and BAP (suburban area) with less populations. The major atmospheric sources of five of the six HAPs (BZ, EB, OX, MPX, and ST) were petrochemical handling processes and motor vehicles (Leuchner and Rappenglück 2010). The RCS and TJS showed the highest and second highest toluene concentrations, respectively, as well as higher concentrations of the other four HAPs (MCF, TCE, PCE, and CT) relative to the rest of the survey areas.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Ambient Haps By Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial and long-term temporal assessment of organic hazardous air pollutants and their comparative health risks

Kim

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigated the spatial and longterm temporal characteristics of 13 selected organic hazardous air pollutants and the health risks associated with inhalation exposure over a recent 6-year period. Regional types selected for this study included a residential-commercial complex, traffic junction, petrochemical industry, iron and metal industry, and background areas in Korea. Toluene was generally the most abundant pollutants in all areas. The petrochemical industrial area had the highest median concentrations of six pollutants (benzene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, m,p-xylene, styrene, and chloroform), followed by the residential-commercial complex, traffic junction, iron and metal industry, and background area. The residential-commercial complex and traffic junction areas showed the highest and second highest toluene concentrations, respectively. Two pollutants (1,1-dichloroethane and 1,3-butadiene) were present in similar concentrations among the five areas. In addition, the temporal trends in the annual mean concentrations exhibited unpredictable behavior depending on both the area and the type of pollutants. At the residential-commercial complex and traffic junction areas, six aromatic compounds showed significant correlations among themselves. In most cases, three important meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed) were not significantly

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VOC source–receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II

Cited by 199 publications

References 25 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Direct measurement of ozone production rates in Houston in 2009 and comparison with two estimation methods

Spatial and long-term temporal assessment of organic hazardous air pollutants and their comparative health risks

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VOC source–receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II

Cited by 199 publications

References 25 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Direct measurement of ozone production rates in Houston in 2009 and comparison with two estimation methods

Spatial and long-term temporal assessment of organic hazardous air pollutants and their comparative health risks

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Product

Resources

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Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed